模拟酸雨对烟田土壤酸化及烟草生长发育的影响  

Effects of Simulated Acid Rain on Soil Acidification and Tobacco Growth in Fields

作　　者：相雨晴 肖艳松 刘明宏 郜军艺 李彩斌 高睿康 刘馥榕 张继光[1] 彭玉龙 XIANG Yuqing;XIAO Yansong;LIU Minghong;GAO Junyi;LI Caibin;GAO Ruikang;LIU Furong;ZHANG Jiguang;PENG Yulong(Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS,Qingdao 266101,China;Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province,Chenzhou 353000,Hunan,China;Zunyi Tobacco Company of Guizhou Province,Zunyi 563000,Guizhou,China;Bijie Tobacco Company of Guizhou Province,Bijie 551799,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,青岛266101 [2]湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司,湖南郴州423099 [3]贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司,贵州遵义563000 [4]贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司,贵州毕节551799

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2024年第3期26-33,共8页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司科技项目(201703);贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司科技项目(2023520500240162、2020520500240072);湖南省郴州市烟草公司科技项目(CZYC2024JS08);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-TRIC06)。

摘　　要：我国西南地区是全球酸沉降负荷最高的地区之一,为明确酸性降水给烟田生态系统产生的可能危害,在田间利用自动模拟酸雨监测仪,模拟自然降雨(CK,pH 6.3)、超纯水(T1,pH 6.8)和酸雨(T2,pH 3.5)3种条件,测定其对土壤酸化及阳离子特征、烟草长势、生物量及氮磷钾积累量的影响。结果表明:(1)与CK和T1相比,T2土壤pH显著降低且随时间推移各处理之间差异逐渐增大;T2土壤交换性酸及铝离子含量显著增加,CEC和盐基总量下降;(2)T2显著抑制烟草生长发育,显著降低烟株株高、茎围、有效叶数及叶片长、宽,CK的茎和叶生物量最高,T1的根生物量最高;(3)根中氮和钾的积累量均为T2最低;茎和叶中氮的积累量表现为T2>T1>CK,茎和叶中钾的积累量表现为CK>T2>T1;磷的积累量在不同部位中差异不大,整体表现为T2最低。可见pH 3.5的酸雨能导致土壤明显酸化,显著抑制烟株生长发育,应采取有效措施控制其发生危害。Southwest China proves one of the areas with the highest acid deposition load in the world,and acid precipitation might be harmful to the ecosystem of tobacco field.In this research,automatic simulated acid rain monitor was used to simulate three conditions in tobacco field,i.e.natural rainfall(CK,pH 6.3),ultra-pure water(T1,pH 6.8)and acid rain(T2,pH 3.5).The acidification and cation characteristics of soils,and the growth,biomass,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation of tobacco were determined.The results showed as the followings.(1)Compared with CK and T1,the soil pH in T2 decreased significantly,and the difference of soil pH increased gradually with the time prolonging.T2 also observed the increase of exchangeable acid and aluminium ion,and the decrease of CEC and total salt base.(2)T2 significantly inhibited the growth and development of tobacco,and significantly reduced the plant height,stem girth,available leaf number and the length or width of tobacco leaves.The stem and leaf biomass of CK,and the root biomass of T1 exhibited the highest,respectively.(3)The lowest accumulation of nitrogen and potassium in roots both occurred in T2,while the highest nitrogen accumulation in stems and leaves also occurred in T2,yet the lowest in CK.The potassium accumulation in stems and leaves exhibited the highest in CK,and the lowest in T1.The phosphorus accumulation performed no significant difference in different parts of tobacco,yet the lowest in T2.These findings indicate that acid rain with pH 3.5 might lead to soil acidification and significantly inhibit the growth and development of tobacco,whereas establishing control strategies is required.

关 键 词：酸雨 土壤酸化特性 土壤阳离子特性 农艺性状 

分 类 号：S572.01[农业科学—烟草工业]