湖南烟草镰刀菌根腐病病原鉴定及防治药剂筛选  

Pathogen Identification of Tobacco Root Rot Disease in Hunan Province and Screening of Control Fungicides

作　　者：钟杰[1] 邱泽澜 刘仕达 周向平 王迎 黄焱斌 周可心 朱俊子 刘天波 肖艳松 ZHONG Jie;QIU Zelan;LIU Shida;ZHOU Xiangping;WANG Ying;HUANG Yanbin;ZHOU Kexin;ZHU Junzi;LIU Tianbo;XIAO Yansong(College of Plant Protection,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Yongzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province,Yongzhou 425000,Hunan,China;Hunan Tobacco Science Research Institute,Changsha 410004,China;Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province,Chenzhou 423000,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学植物保护学院,长沙410128 [2]湖南省烟草公司永州市公司,湖南永州425000 [3]湖南省烟草科学研究所,长沙410010 [4]湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司,湖南郴州423000

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2024年第3期51-59,67,共10页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司烟草农业科技创新项目(CZYC2022JS03、CZYC2023JS05、CZYC2024JS05);中国烟草总公司湖南省公司科技重点项目(HN2021KJ01)。

摘　　要：为明确湖南郴州和永州地区烟草根腐病的病原种类,针对主要病原菌筛选有效的防治药剂,分别利用组织分离法和平板稀释法对两地主要烟区采集的烟草根腐病病样和根际土壤进行病原分离,通过形态学观察、翻译延伸因子1A(EF-1α)序列进化分析以及致病性测定确定病原种类,采用生长速率法测定供试杀菌剂对主要病原菌菌丝生长的抑制效果,并通过活体盆栽防效试验验证候选杀菌剂对主要病原菌的防治效果。共分离到真菌128株,其中镰刀菌87株,包括共享镰刀菌Fusarium commune、甜瓜镰刀菌Fusarium incarnatum、藤仓镰刀菌Fusarium fujikuroi、茄镰刀菌Fusarium solani、层出镰刀菌Fusarium proliferatum、Fusarium falciforme、Fusarium humuli共7个种。其中,F.commune占比最高,为39.08%,其次为F.solani和F.incarnatum,占比均为14.94%。致病力测定结果表明,这些菌株都能引起烟草发病,明确其为烟草根腐病的病原物。F.commune对40%咪鲜胺EW、43 g/L戊唑醇SC和15%氰烯菌酯SC高度敏感,EC50分别为0.026、0.079和0.169μg/mL。盆栽试验结果表明,40%咪鲜胺EW的防治效果最为显著,相对防效达到94.43%±2.79%,其次为43 g/L戊唑醇SC和15%氰烯菌酯SC,相对防效为88.63%±1.68%和83.07%±2.55%。本研究表明,湖南郴州和永州地区烟草镰刀菌根腐病病原真菌以共享镰刀为主,供试药剂中,40%咪鲜胺EW对该病原菌的抑菌效果最好。Aiming to identify the pathogen types of tobacco root rot disease in Chenzhou and Yongzhou regions of Hunan Province,the effective control agents were screened for the main pathogens,samples of tobacco root rot disease and rhizosphere soil were collected from the main tobacco-growing area and isolated by using tissue separation method and plate dilution method,respectively.The pathogen types were determined by morphological observation,EF-1αsequence phylogenetic analysis,and pathogenicity assays.The growth rate method was employed to determine inhibitory effect of the tested fungicides on mycelia growth of the main pathogenic Fusarium species.The results showed that 128 fungal strains was isolated,including 87 Fusarium strains,which were divided into Fusarium commune,Fusarium incarnatum,Fusarium fujikuroi,Fusarium solani and Fusarium proliferatum,Fusarium falciforme,Fusarium humulium.Among them,F.commune accounted for the highest proportion of 39.08%,followed by F.solani and F.incarnatum,both with the proportions of 14.94%.Virulence tests showed that these Fusarium strains could cause tobacco root rot disease and were identified as the pathogen of this disease.F.commune was sensitive to 40%Prochloraz EW,43g/L Tebuconazole SC and 15%cyanomethacrylate SC with EC50 of 0.026,0.079μg/mL and 0.169μg/mL,respectively.The results of pot experiment indicated that 40%Prochloraz EW exhibited the most significant control effect,with relative control effect of 94.43%±2.79%,followed by 43 g/L Tebuconazole SC and 15%Phenamacril SC,with the control efficiency of 88.63%±1.68%and 83.07%±2.55%,respectively.This study demonstrates that Fusarium commune is the main pathogen of tobacco root rot disease in Chenzhou and Yongzhou of Hunan Province.Among the tested agents,40%Prochloraz EW proves the best control effect on this pathogen.

关 键 词：烟草根腐病 镰刀菌 致病性 共享镰刀菌 药剂筛选 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]