混凝土表面铯污染分析方法及影响因素研究  

Research on Analysis Methods and Influencing Factors of Cesium Contamination on Concrete Surface

作　　者：李健 徐辛睿 赵红杰 马慧杰 李战国 LI Jian;XU Xinrui;ZHAO Hongjie;MA Huijie;LI Zhanguo(State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian,Beijing 102205,China;School of Materials and Chemistry,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China)

机构地区：[1]国民核生化灾害防护国家重点实验室,北京102205 [2]西南科技大学材料与化学学院,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《防化研究》2024年第2期55-61,共7页CBRN DEFENSE

摘　　要：受孔隙吸附作用影响,放射性核素易渗入混凝土等多孔介质内部,去污效果评价过程中残余污染分析方法的可靠性有待验证。本文对混凝土表面铯(Cs)污染的分析方法进行研究,对比了擦拭、超声、研磨等方法对采样结果的影响,测试了混凝土的成分、孔隙率及粗糙度,分析了混凝土表面Cs的形态。结果表明:混凝土中的硅酸盐对Cs有吸附作用,Cs可取代Si-O-H上的H原子,生成Si-O-Cs。擦拭、研磨采样方法对Cs的回收率较低,难以满足混凝土表面污染分析的需求。采用10%的硝酸溶液对Cs污染的混凝土样板进行超声处理,Cs回收率可达90.58%,表明该方法可作为评价放射性核素去污效果的参考。Due to the effect of pore adsorption,radionuclides can easily infiltrate into porous media such as concrete.The reliability of residual pollution analysis method in the process of decontamination evaluation needs to be verified.In this paper,the analysis method of cesium(Cs)contamination on concrete surface was studied,the influence of wiping,ultrasonic and grinding methods on sampling results was compared,the composition,porosity and roughness of concrete were tested,and the morphology of Cs on concrete surface was analyzed.The results showed that the silicate in concrete had adsorption effect on Cs,and Cs could replace H atom on Si−O−H to form Si−O−Cs.The recovery rate of Cs by wiping and grinding sampling methods was low,and it was difficult to meet the needs of surface contamination analysis.The recovery rate of Cs in contaminated concrete samples could reach 90.58%by ultrasonic treatment with 10%nitric acid solution,indicating that this method could be used as a reference to evaluate the decontamination effect of radionuclides.

关 键 词：放射性污染 混凝土 铯 检测方法 表面去污 

分 类 号：X591[环境科学与工程—环境工程]