唐律中的“正法”:“非典型”立法语言的形成与演化  

"Zheng Fa" in the Tang Law: the Formation and Evolution of the "Atypical"Legislative Language

作　　者：刘晓林[1] Liu Xiaolin

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2024年第4期3-12,共10页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“秦汉至唐律令立法语言分类整理、谱系建构与数据库建设”(21&ZD197)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：唐前正史、经典及其注疏中的“正法”多表达与法律相关的含义,指称“正式、明确之法律条文”的用法较为常见。《唐律疏议》中“正法”仅于“律疏”中出现2次,但其来源清晰、表意稳定,呈现“非典型”立法语言的基本特征。律典中的“正法”可能产生于制作“律疏”的过程中,具有专门的法律意义与法律功能。“正法”可与“正条”“正文”互训,相关表述形式共同体现了立法者通过在注、疏中叙述、评价特定内容而实现补充、完善律文的“二次立法”意图。就律典中出现的频次与分布来看,“正法”呈现被“正条”“正文”吸收的趋势。唐后文献中“正法”的含义进一步丰富,作为立法语言的“正法”亦随之变化。明清律中“正法”仅表达“执行死刑”之意,“正条”专门指称“正式、明确之法律条文”。立法语言的形成过程与演化方向主要取决于词汇本身的含义以及立法者的意图,法律体系的整体演进对其也产生着影响。The“Zheng Fa”mostly expresses the meaning in relation to the law and commonly refers to“formal and explicit legal provisions”in the official history literature,classics and their annotations before the Tang Dynasty.The“Zheng Fa”in the law of Tang dynasty is clearly sourced and ideologically stable althoughit appears only twice,which exhibits basic features of“atypical”legislative language.The“Zheng Fa”inthe code may be generated in the process of making the“legal commentary”,which has specialized legalsignificance and legal function.The“Zheng Fa”is interchangeable with“Zheng Tiao”and“Zheng Wen”,which relevant forms of expression collectively reflect the legislator's intention to supplement and improve the“secondary legislation”by describing and evaluating specific contents in the notes and commentaries.In terms of the frequency and distribution of appearances in the code,“Zheng Fa”shows a tendency to be absorbed by“Zheng Tiao”and“Zheng Wen”.The meaning of “Zheng Fa”was further enriched in the literature after the Tang Dynasty,and“Zheng Fa”as the legislative language also changed.In the Laws of Ming and Qing,“Zheng Fa”only expresses the meaning of“carrying out the death penalty”,while“Zheng Tiao”specifically refers to“formal and explicit legal provisions”.The process of formulating the legislative language and the direction of its evolution mainly depends on the meaning of the words themselves and the intention of the legislator,and the overall evolution of the legal system also has an impact on it.

关 键 词：《唐律疏议》 正法 非典型立法语言 立法意图 法律体系演进 

分 类 号：K242[历史地理—历史学] D929[历史地理—中国史]