累积犯视野下“严重污染环境”的新诠释  

Serious Environmental Pollution from the Perspective of Accumulated Offenders

作　　者：孙国祥[1] Sun Guoxiang

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2024年第4期88-98,共11页Tribune of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：作为入罪的基本条件,“严重污染环境”的情形在司法解释中被不断重构,这反映了该概念在不同的刑事政策下具有多元理解的特征。自然环境是一个整体,环境法益表现为整体环境的保护。“严重污染环境”的司法认定不应停留在所涉污染行为对局部环境的影响上,而需要从行为对整体环境损害的角度来把握。由于对环境的整体性损害往往不是由个案形成,而是通过累积效应逐渐显现的。因此,污染环境罪的认定应该走出结果犯、行为犯和实害犯、危险犯的固有理论思维,将其作为有别于传统犯罪的一种新犯罪类型,借助于累积犯的定罪逻辑对“严重污染环境”重新诠释。在累积犯的视野下,“严重污染环境”评价的重点是污染物的危险性质、污染物的排放量以及不同污染的媒介。具体个案对环境的局部损害以及造成的财产损失等实害,不是严重污染环境本身,而是“严重污染环境”的观察对象。As a basic condition for criminalization,the situation of“serious environmental pollution”has been constantly reconstructed in judicial interpretations,reflecting the characteristic of multiple interpretations of this concept under different criminal policies.The natural environment should be treated as a whole,so environmental legal interests are the protection of the overall environment.The judicial determination of"serious environmental pollution"should not be limited to the impact of the pollution behavior on the local environment,but should be grasped from the perspective of the impact of the behavior on the overall environment.Due to the fact that the overall damage to the environment is often not formed by individual cases,but gradually manifests through cumulative effects.Therefore,the identification of environmental pollution crimes should go beyond the traditional thinking of result crimes,behavioral crimes,actual harm crimes,and dangerous crimes,and interpret the situation of“serious environmental pollution”with the help of the logic of conviction of cumulative crimes.From the perspective of cumulative offenses,the focus of criminal law evaluation is on the nature of pollutants,the objects of pollution,and the quantity of pollutants.The actual harm caused by specific cases to the environment,including local damage and property damage,is not a serious pollution of the environment itself,but rather an observation object of"serious pollution of the environment".

关 键 词：污染环境罪 累积犯 严重污染环境 抽象危险犯 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]