事实与规范二象性的国家读耶利内克《一般国家学》札记  

The State in Factual and Normative Duality: A Book Review of G. Jellinek'sGeneral Theory of the State

作　　者：姚子骁 Yao Zixiao

机构地区：[1]柏林洪堡大学法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2024年第4期166-179,共14页Tribune of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：耶里内克在《一般国家学》中提出的两面国家理论可以为我国国家法学的理论建构提供宝贵的智识资源。国家作为一个统一的认知对象具有事实与规范的双重特征。两面国家理论在方法论上对应着因果科学与规范科学的二分,明显受到了新康德主义的影响,是对国家法实证主义的扬弃。社会层面的国家以意志和统治为核心要素。国家自我约束理论则将方法论上二分所产生的社会层面的国家和规范层面的国家重新统合为一个国家概念。规范层面的国家是法主体,由国家领土、国民和国家权力三要素组成。两面国家理论的方法论实际上仍然是一种向事实开放的法学方法论。对我国公法学而言,两面国家理论的意义体现在坚持理论的开放与方法的纯粹、重视国家这一核心概念之于宪法教义学的重要性以及以国家为方法的跨学科研究方法论。Jellinek's Two-Sides-Theory of the state,as outlined in General Theory of the State,offers valuable intellectual resources for theoretical development within Chinese legal scholarship.This theory posits that the state as a unified cognitive object encompassing both factual and normative characteristics.It aligns with the methodological dichotomy between causal and normative disciplines,reflecting a notable influence by neo-Kantianism,sublating the legal positivism in state law.From a sociological perspective,the state is characterized by will and domination.Jellinek's theory of the state's self-commitment reconciles the sociological and normative aspects into a single unified conception of the state.From the normative perspective,the state is viewed as a legal subject constituted by three elements:territory,nationals,and sovereign power.The Two-Sides-Theory's methodology,rooted in jurisprudence but open to factual considerations,underscores the importance of theoretical inclusivity and methodological purity in public jurisprudence.By emphasizing the centrality of the state concept in constitutional doctrine,it further advocates for the use of the state as a lens for interdisciplinary research.

关 键 词：格奥尔格·耶里内克 两面国家理论 国家自我约束 国家法人说 国家三要素 

分 类 号：D911[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D910[政治法律—法学]