黄河上游十大孔兑区域风能环境及输沙势特征  

Characteristics of the wind energy environment and sediment transport potential in the Ten Tributaries in up Reaches of the Yellow River Basin

作　　者：赵宏胜 高永 蒙仲举[1,2,3] 李婉娇 冯霜[1] 党晓宏 Hongsheng Zhao;Yong Gao;Zhongju Meng;Wanjiao Li;Shuang Feng;Xiaohong Dang(College of Desert Control Science and Engineering/,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Central and Local Government Key Laboratory of Wind Erosion/,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Inner Mongolia Hanggin Desert Ecological Position Research Station,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Water Conservancy Science Research Institute of Inner Mongolia,Hohhot 010051,China;Baotou Forestry and Grassland Bureau,Baotou 014060,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学,沙漠治理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古农业大学,中央与地方共建风沙物理重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [3]内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古杭锦荒漠生态系统国家定位观测研究站,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [4]内蒙古自治区水利科学研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特010051 [5]包头市林业和草原局,内蒙古包头014060

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2024年第3期85-95,共11页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：“科技兴蒙”行动重大专项(KJXM-EEDS-2020006-4-01);内蒙古自治区研究生科研创新项目(B20231099Z)。

摘　　要：风况和输沙势是表征荒漠区风能环境及风沙运动的重要参数。为探明黄河流域十大孔兑区域风能环境特征,利用2018—2022年气象站数据分析了该区风况及输沙势在不同时间尺度上的变化特征。结果表明:(1)十大孔兑区域2018—2022年风速变化不大,年平均风速为3.17 m·s^(-1),年平均起沙风风速为6.28 m·s^(-1),不同季节之间起沙风速两极分化趋势明显,春季起沙风频率最高,月平均风速随季节变化起伏较明显。(2)受地形及海拔因素影响,十大孔兑区域风能环境呈西高东低分布特征,不同时间尺度起沙风风向均以偏西风和偏北风为主。(3)根据输沙势结果,十大孔兑区域整体上属于中等风能环境,存在相当大的空间变化,西部靠近库布齐沙漠,属于高风能区,中部属于中风能区,东部属于低风能区;不同时间尺度输沙势特征存在差异,合成输沙势方向趋于一致,以偏东南方向(SE、SSE)为主,为沙物质输入河道提供了充足动力。应将春季作为风沙重点防治时期,将靠近沙源区的西部作为重点防治区域。The characteristics of wind regime and sediment transport potential are crucial for characterizing the wind energy environment in desert areas and studying aeolian sand movement.The wind patterns and sediment transport potential of the Ten Tributaries in the Yellow River Basin were investigated by analyzing meteorological station data from 2018 to 2022,aiming to understand their energy characteristics and environmental impacts.The results show that:(1)There is minimal variation in wind velocity between 2018 and 2022,with an annual mean wind speed of 3.17 m·s^(-1) and a yearly average sand-driving wind speed of 6.28 m·s^(-1).The polarization pattern of sand-driving winds across different seasons is evident,with the highest frequency occurring during spring,while inter-monthly wind speeds exhibit significant fluctuations due to seasonal changes.(2)The intensity of wind energy varies,with higher intensity observed towards the western regions and lower intensity towards the eastern areas in the Ten Tributaries,due to the influence of topography and elevation.Prevailing sand-driving winds predominantly originate from westerly and northerly directions across different temporal scales.(3)Based on the sediment transport potential,the Ten Tributaries are classified as having a moderate overall wind energy environment.The western region,which is located in close proximity to the Hobq Desert,falls within the high wind energy region;the central region falls within the moderate wind energy region;and the eastern region falls within the low wind energy region.The characteristics of sediment transport potential vary across different time scales;however,the overall direction of resultant sediment transport potential consistently remains oriented towards the southeast(SE)and south-southeast(SSE),ensuring sufficient momentum for sediments to enter the channel.Therefore,it is suggested that spring should be considered the key control period for wind-blown sand,and the western region near the source of sand should be regarded as t

关 键 词：黄河流域 风能环境 风况 输沙势 十大孔兑 

分 类 号：P931.3[天文地球—自然地理学]