蔬菜瓜果秸秆高效腐熟剂研制及其对堆肥腐植酸形成的影响  

Development of Efficient Decomposition Agent for Vegetable and Melon Straws and Its Effects on the Formation of Humic Acid during Composting

作　　者：卞荣超 杨铧淼 辛寒晓 孙国科 刘丽英[1] 孙中涛[1] Bian Rongchao;Yang Huamiao;Xin Hanxiao;Sun Guoke;Liu Liying;Sun Zhongtao(College of Life Science,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an,271018;Shandong Ztser Biological Technology Co.Ltd.,Jinan,250000)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学生命科学学院,泰安271018 [2]山东佐田氏生物科技有限公司,济南250000

出　　处：《腐植酸》2024年第3期31-41,共11页Humic Acid

基　　金：山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目:小麦专用生物有机肥料研制与产业化应用(项目编号2023TSGC0171);山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目:连作障碍土壤改良菌剂生产和应用技术研究与示范(项目编号2022TSGC1008);山东省济南市农业应用技术创新项目:新型蔬菜抗重茬生物有机水溶肥生产技术研究与产业化应用(项目编号CX202213)。

摘　　要：为加快蔬菜瓜果秸秆分解,提高腐熟质量,提升其综合利用水平,本文筛选蔬菜瓜果秸秆高效降解菌株并构建出复合菌群YC-M,其菌系组成为空气芽孢杆菌(Bacillus aerius)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)。复合菌群YC-M具有较强的产纤维素酶能力,其羧甲基纤维素酶(CMCase)、滤纸酶(FPAase)和β葡萄糖苷酶(β-Gase)酶活力分别可达21.71 U/mL、17.98 U/mL和12.56 U/mL,42 h内可将滤纸完全崩解,秸秆腐熟30 d失重率可达49.21%。蔬菜瓜果秸秆堆肥时,接种复合菌群YC-M可提高堆肥温度和加快总有机碳(TOC)下降速度,促进腐植酸的合成,提高成熟堆肥中总腐植酸、游离腐植酸和黄腐酸的含量,这有利于加速堆肥进程和提高肥力。复合菌群YC-M综合应用效果优于市售腐熟剂和接种成熟堆肥的传统堆肥方式,其推广应用有助于提升蔬菜瓜果秸秆的综合利用水平。In order to accelerate the decomposition of vegetable and melon straws,improve the quality of composting,and enhance its comprehensive utilization level,efficient degradation strains of vegetable and melon straw was screened and a composite microbial group YC-M including Bacillus aerius,Bacillus subtilis,and Bacillus velezensis was constructed.YC-M exhibited a strong ability to produce cellulase,and its carboxymethyl cellulase(CMCase),filter paper enzyme(FPAase),andβ-glucosidase(β-Gase)activity reached 21.71 U/mL,17.98 U/mL and 12.56 U/mL,respectively.The filter paper could be completely disintegrated within 42 hours,and the weight loss rate of the straw within 30 days of maturity reached 49.21%.The inoculation of YC-M increased the temperature and TOC decrease rate during vegetable and melon straw composting,promoted the synthesis of humic acids,and increased the content of total humic acids,free humic acids,and fulvic acids in mature compost,which all was beneficial for accelerating the composting process and improving fertility.The comprehensive application effect of the YC-M was better than that of traditional composting methods such as the inoculation of commercial decomposition agent and mature compost.Its promotion and application contributed to improving the comprehensive utilization level of vegetable and melon straws.

关 键 词：蔬菜瓜果秸秆 腐熟剂 复合菌群 堆肥 综合利用 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]