航天运载器大型金属构件激光定向能量沉积研究及应用进展(特邀)  

Research and Application Progress of Laser Directed Energy Deposition on Large-scale Metal Components in Aerospace(Invited)

作　　者：周庆军 严振宇 张京京 衣凤 董鹏 谢勇 王福德 郭宁[3,4] Zhou Qingjun;Yan Zhenyu;Zhang Jingjing;Yi Feng;Dong Peng;Xie Yong;Wang Fude;Guo Ning(Capital Aerospace Machinery Corporation Limited,Beijing 100076,China;State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;School of Mechanical&Automotive Engineering,Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences),Jinan 250353,Shandong,China;Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research,Jinan 250031,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]首都航天机械有限公司,北京100076 [2]北京科技大学新金属材料国家重点实验室,北京100083 [3]齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院)机械工程学院,山东济南250353 [4]山东省机械设计研究院,山东济南250031

出　　处：《中国激光》2024年第10期25-47,共23页Chinese Journal of Lasers

摘　　要：激光定向能量沉积(LDED)增材制造技术由于成形效率高、材料送进方式灵活、成形自由度高等特点,非常契合当前及未来航天装备结构大型化、整体化、轻量化、高精度的发展趋势,并已在运载火箭、载人飞船、火箭发动机等领域实现牵引性应用。总结当前铝合金及其复合材料、钛合金及其复合材料、镍基高温合金及其复合材料等3类航天装备结构主体材料的LDED研究现状,在此基础上,梳理出LDED工艺的发展方向及研究进展。重点介绍航天装备主承力结构、异质合金一体化结构、集成流道整体化结构等3类典型结构LDED制造难点、研制及应用进展。最后,对LDED增材制造技术材料、工艺及装备等的发展方向进行了展望。Significance Largescale,integrated,lightweight,and highprecision structures are becoming crucial trends in the development of aerospace equipment.Laser directed energy deposition(LDED)technology,with its high forming efficiency,flexible material feeding methods,and extensive freedom in shaping,proves to be highly suitable for the evolving trends in aerospace equipment development.It has gained significant traction in sectors such as launch vehicles,manned spacecraft,and rocket engines,positioning the aerospace industry as a key driver in the development and application of LDED technology.However,the current progress in LDED additive manufacturing technology is not adequately aligned with industry needs.This misalignment leads to underutilization of its technical advantages,vague directions for technological development,and limited application scenarios and fields.To expedite the technology s industrialization and intelligent evolution,and to achieve largescale,systematic applications,it is essential to review and document the current research and application advancements of LDED for largescale metal components in aerospace.This involves examining material research,process development,and application progress,and identifying future directions for LDED technology.Progress In recent years,significant breakthroughs have been made in the LDED process for aluminum alloys,titanium alloys,nickelbased superalloys,and their composites.The introduction of rare earth elements,such as Sc and Zr,for microalloying modifications and the addition of nanoparticles address challenges such as hot cracking,excessive defects,and the limitations of a single strengthening mechanism that leads to insufficient performance in aluminum alloys.This advancement enables the preparation of various highdensity and highperformance aluminum alloy materials,including AlMnSc,TiB2/AlMgScZr,and 6061-RAM2.Additionally,the development of a range of titanium alloys and their composites suitable for the LDED process,such as TiCu,TiOFe,and TiB/TC4,eliminat

关 键 词：激光技术 增材制造 激光定向能量沉积 金属材料 大型构件 航天运载器 

分 类 号：TG146.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TG146.2[金属学及工艺—金属材料] TG665[金属学及工艺—金属学]