异质金属激光增材制造研究及应用进展(特邀)  

Research and Application Progress in Laser Additive Manufacturing of Heterogeneous Metals(Invited)

作　　者：马毅 管迎春[1,2] Ma Yi;Guan Yingchun(School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation,Beihang University,Beijing 100083,China;National Engineering Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing for Large Metallic Components,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学机械工程与自动化学院,北京100083 [2]北京航空航天大学大型金属构件增材制造国家工程实验室,北京100191

出　　处：《中国激光》2024年第10期48-69,共22页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：宁波重点研发专项(2023Z012)。

摘　　要：极端服役环境对空天等核心构件可靠性和集成性提出了严峻挑战。传统单一材料体系和制造工艺难以满足复杂性能需求。激光增材制造技术是实现异质金属结构-功能一体化的有效途径,但异质材料兼容问题(易诱发缺陷、加工参数响应不一等)限制了高质量异质界面的形成,这对制造装备与连接工艺提出了更高挑战。本文基于异质金属激光增材制造的最新研究进展,聚焦异质金属成型的关键问题及解决方案,回顾了近年来异质金属体系的发展及空天领域应用,从送粉方式、复合制造等方面介绍了激光增材装备的改进策略,总结了近年来激光增材技术在连接方式、参数调控、监测预测和前后端处理方面的研究进展,并针对这一技术的共性及难点问题给出了展望与思考。Significance Major advances in materials science and manufacturing technology are being driven by fields such as aerospace,which are placing increasingly stringent requirements for the construction of complex,reliable,and highperformance components intended for extreme service conditions.For example,engine components must possess both high heat resistance and excellent thermal conductivity,while structural component aim with a combination of lightweight design and high strength.These intricate performance demands have spurred the development of heterogeneous metal integration,wherein different materials with complementary properties are integrated into a single component through optimized design and manufacturing process control.This approach aims to break through the performance limits of traditional singlematerial components and broaden their application scenarios.The effective connection between heterogeneous metals has always been a major challenge in the engineering field.Because of the inherent differences in the physicochemical properties of various metals,achieving a highstrength and reliable interface bonding through traditional welding or mechanical connection methods is often challenging.This difficulty is particularly pronounced when dealing with complex interface shapes or gradient functional areas.However,laser additive manufacturing technology,owing to its high forming precision and controllability,has provided a novel pathway for heterogeneous metal manufacturing.This technology significantly enhances the freedom of material design and shaping,enabling reliable connections between heterogeneous metals.Laser additive technology primarily includes laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)and laser directed energy deposition(LDED).These technologies can respectively meet the manufacturing needs of complex or large heterogeneous aerospace components.LPBF produces parts with a high degree of surface finish and intricate structures by preforming layers of dissimilar powders and selectively melting them layer by lay

关 键 词：激光技术 异质金属 空天应用 增材装备 增材制造工艺 

分 类 号：TN249[电子电信—物理电子学]