因瓦合金镜筒激光选区熔化增材制造工艺及结构优化研究(特邀)  

Selective Laser Melting Process and Structure Optimization of Invar Alloy Lens Tube(Invited)

作　　者：张天雷 张子龙[1] 李培鑫 汪小明 王敏 朱荣全 党耀石 曹健[1] 亓钧雷[1] Zhang Tianlei;Zhang Zilong;Li Peixin;Wang Xiaoming;Wang Min;Zhu Rongquan;Dang Yaoshi;Cao Jian;Qi Junlei(State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding&Joining of Materials and Structures,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,Heilongjiang,China;Beijing Remote Sensing Equipment Research Institute,Beijing 100854,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学材料结构精密焊接与连接全国重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [2]北京遥感设备研究所,北京100854

出　　处：《中国激光》2024年第10期207-216,共10页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFB4606505);国家自然科学基金(52175303);国家杰出青年科学基金(52125502);黑龙江头雁创新团队计划(HITY-20190013)。

摘　　要：因瓦合金以其独特的因瓦效应被应用于航天用精密光学镜筒制造中。对因瓦合金镜筒激光选区增材制造工艺及其结构设计进行了探究与优化,结果表明:增加激光扫描间距同时适当降低扫描速度可以有效减少匙孔与未熔合等缺陷,得到了显微组织均匀分布且无明显缺陷的样件,其抗拉强度为482 MPa,屈服强度为388 MPa,最终获得了高质量的镜筒结构件。将镜筒结构拓扑优化为斜拉筋式结构并进行去应力热处理后,其内部残余应力仅为屈服应力的13%,且热膨胀系数仅为1.9×10^(-6)K^(-1)。Objective As the main component of the entire precision optical systems for aerospace,the dimensional stability of the lens tube has an undeniable impact on the overall accuracy and performance of space optical systems.However,the complex thermal environment in which the satellite operates for a long time,such as direct solar radiation or the Earth s infrared radiation,can significantly affect the detection accuracy of the optical system.Therefore,Invar alloy 4J36,with excellent dimensional stability,can be selected to manufacture structural components of lens tubes.Due to its unique Invar effect,the Invar alloy 4J36 exhibits an extremely low coefficient of thermal expansion at its Curie temperature(230℃),and it can be effectively used in the manufacturing of space optical devices.However,owing to the high hardness and poor machining performance of 4J36,traditional manufacturing methods,such as turning and milling,require long processing time periods and result in serious material waste.Selective laser melting(SLM)is an additive manufacturing technology that has the advantages of high design freedom,a short production cycle,and wide applicability.Furthermore,it can be used to manufacture structurally complex products at a faster rate when compared to traditional manufacturing methods.To date,the SLM additive manufacturing process for Invar alloy lens tubes is not mature.Through a series of adjustments to the powder quality,process parameters,3D models,and residual stress,we hope to obtain highquality structural components of lens tubes that satisfy usage requirements.This can aid in further exploration of the universe.Methods SLM was used to shape an Invar alloy lens tube,and the Invar alloy powder material was selected according to the standard set at the beginning of this study to ensure that the microstructure of the finished product exhibits no obvious defects.The essence of SLM technology is the direct interaction between laser and powder.Hence,to explore the optimal laser selective melting process paramet

关 键 词：增材制造 激光选区熔化 因瓦合金 工艺优化 结构设计及后处理 

分 类 号：TG146.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]