西北盐碱地养虾塘接种微藻后藻类种群结构及水质变化  

Changes in algal phase and water quality following inoculation of microalgae in shrimp ponds in north-western saline areas

作　　者：赵治钦 卢军浩 刘哲[1,3] 宋国林 权金强 王建福 付廷斌[2,3] 张建敏 ZHAO Zhiqin;LU Junhao;LIU Zhe;SONG Guolin;QUAN Jinqiang;WANG Jianfu;FU Tingbin;ZHANG Jianmin(College of Animal Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Jingtai County Fisheries Technology Promotion Center,Jingtai 730400,China;East China Sea Fishery Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]景泰县渔业技术推广中心,甘肃景泰730400 [3]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200000

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2024年第3期17-30,共14页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：甘肃省重点研发计划项目(20YF3NA013);甘肃省农牧厅科技支撑专项(GARS-TSYZ-1);国家重点研发计划蓝色粮仓科技创新项目(2020YFD0900400)。

摘　　要：【目的】掌握西北盐碱地凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖池塘微藻群落的变化规律,探究接种湖生卵囊藻(Oocystis Lacustris)和普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)对池塘藻相和水质的影响。【方法】选取3口凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘,对照组不接种藻类,处理A、B组根据池塘水体体积按2 mg/L的质量浓度分别接种湖生卵囊藻和普通小球藻。3口池塘除接种藻外其他管理均一致,每5 d每口池塘取3个水样做微藻定量、多性样分析、群落结构分析以及水质理化因子与微藻群落结构相关性分析等。【结果】在养殖周期内,对照组蓝藻暴发,蓝藻生物量最高值达到58.77 mg/L,而处理A、B蓝藻生物量均在11.13 mg/L以下,并在后期形成了稳定的绿藻藻相。对照组和处理A、B的Shannon Wiener多样性指数均值依次为:3.89、4.66和4.02,Pielou均匀度指数均值依次为:0.69、0.83和0.72。结合变化趋势分析:处理组微藻多样性优于对照组,且处理A优于处理B。群落结构的多元统计分析和一致性分析表明,处理组微藻群落的稳定性优于对照组,且处理B与对照组之间群落结构差异显著(P<0.05)。BIOENV (Biota-Environment)分析结果显示,单因子中,解释微藻群落结构变化最好的环境因子为透明度(r_(m)=0.893);多因子组合中NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(2)^(-)-N和透明度组合最佳解释了微藻群落结构的变化(r_(m)=0.893)。养殖末期产量分析显示,对照组蓝藻暴发后,对虾成活率和产量明显下降,蓝藻对养殖造成了不可逆的严重损失。【结论】在西北盐碱地凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘中,接种湖生卵囊藻和普通小球藻后避免了蓝藻暴发,降低了养殖风险。相对于湖生卵囊藻,普通小球藻体现出更好地抑制蓝藻的作用且接种后对藻相影响大于接种湖生卵囊藻,而接种湖生卵囊藻后藻相多样性较好。【Objective】 In order to understand the changing patterns of microalgal communities in ponds used for the culture of Litopenaeus vannamei in northwestern saline areas,the effects of inoculation with Oocystis lacustris and Chlorella vulgaris on the algal phase and water quality of the ponds were investigated.【Method】 The control group was not inoculated with algae and the treatment groups A and B were inoculated with Oocystis lacustris and Chlorella vulgaris respectively at a concentration of 2 mg/L depending on the volume of water in the pond.Three ponds were managed identically except for algae inoculation and three samples were taken every 5 d for microalgae quantification,multiplex analysis,community structure analysis and correlation between physical and chemical water quality factors and microalgal community structure.【Result】 During the incubation period,the control group had a cyanobacterial outbreak with the highest Cyanobacterial biomass value of 58.77 mg/L,while treatments A and B both had Cyanobacterial biomass below 11.13 mg/L and formed a stable Chlorophyta phase at a later stage.The mean values of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index for the control and treatments A and B were:3.89,4.66 and 4.02,respectively,and the mean values of Pielou evenness index were:0.69,0.83 and 0.72,respectively.The combined trend analysis showed that the microalgal diversity was better in the treatment group than in the control group,and that treatment A was better than treatment B.Multivariate statistical analysis and consistency analysis of community structure showed that the stability of the microalgal community in the treatment group was better than that in the control group,and the difference in community structure between treatment B and the control group was significant(P<0.05).The BIOENV(Biota-Environment) analysis showed that transparency(r_m=0.893) was the environmental factor that best explained the structure of the microalgal community as a single factor,while NH_(4)^(+)-N + NO_(2)^(-)-N + transparenc

关 键 词：西北盐碱地 凡纳滨对虾 湖生卵囊藻 普通小球藻 微藻类种群结构 水质 

分 类 号：S955.7[农业科学—水产养殖]