盐胁迫对小麦籽粒萌发中淀粉分解及苗期根系生长的影响  

Effect of salt stress on starch degradation in wheat seed germination and root system at seedling stage

作　　者：朱妍钰 汪军成[1,2] 姚立蓉 孟亚雄[1,2] 李葆春[1] 杨轲[1,2] 司二静[1,2] 王化俊[1,2] 尚勋武[2] 马小乐[1,2] ZHU Yanyu;WANG Juncheng;YAO Lirong;MENG Yaxiong;LI Baochun;YANG Ke;SI Erjing;WANG Huajun;SHANG Xunwu;MA Xiaole(State Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science,Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2024年第3期49-54,61,共7页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：甘肃省教育厅青年博士基金项目(2021QB-029);甘肃省农业小麦产业体系项目(GARS-01-05);省教育厅高校科研项目(2018D-14);甘肃省科技重大专项计划项目(17ZD2NA016);甘肃省科技计划项目(1506RJZA014)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过测定盐(NaCl)胁迫下两个小麦品种籽粒萌发过程中的淀粉颗粒的分解、淀粉酶活性及根系生长等指标,研究并解释其耐盐性,以期为筛选耐盐小麦种质筛选提供理论依据。【方法】试验在小麦籽粒萌发过程中设0 mmol/L(CK)、100 mmol/L、200 mmol/L、300 mmol/L 4个NaCl胁迫浓度处理。在胁迫48 h时,使用扫描电子显微镜观察胚乳中淀粉颗粒的分布状况,利用3,5-二硝基水杨酸法测定籽粒中α-淀粉酶活性,发芽势及发芽率;在胁迫4、6、8、10、12 d时测定幼苗的根长、根面积、根体积等指标。【结果】与CK相比,随着NaCl浓度的增大,两个小麦品种籽粒胚乳A、B型淀粉粒的数量逐渐增多,紫小麦的A、B型淀粉降解情况优于甘春24号;两个小麦品种籽粒的α-淀粉酶的活性逐渐减小;在同一时期,两个小麦品种幼苗的发芽势、发芽率及根系生长指标均呈现逐渐减小趋势,且与CK差异显著(P<0.05),甘春24号降幅降低幅度高于紫小麦。【结论】紫小麦耐盐性优于甘春24号。【Objective】 The salt tolerance of different wheat varieties was studied and explained by determining the indexes of starch granule degradation,amylase activity and root growth during seed germination under salt(NaCl) stress,in order to provide a theoretical basis for screening salt-tolerant wheat germplasm.【Method】 In this experiment,different concentrations of NaCl stress were applied during the seed germination,and the stress concentrations were 0 mmol/L(CK),100 mmol/L,200 mmol/L and 300 mmol/L.The distribution of starch granules in the endosperm was observed under a scanning electron microscope after 48 h,and the α-amylase activity in the grains was determined by the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method.Meanwhile,the germination potential,germination rate and the indicators such as root length,root area and root volume at 4 th,6 th,8 th,10 th and 12 th d of stress were measured.【Result】 During the same period,the seedling germination potential,germination percentage and root growth index of the two wheat varieties showed a decreasing trend and were significantly different from CK(P<0.05).The decreasing amplitude of Ganchun 24 was lower than that of purple wheat.Compared with CK,the number of A-and B-type starch grains in the endosperm of the two wheat varieties gradually increased with the increasing NaCl concentration.The activities of α-amylase of two wheat varieties gradually decreased.【Conclusion】 The salt tolerance of purple wheat was better than that of Ganchun 24.

关 键 词：小麦 NACL胁迫 根系生长 淀粉分解 

分 类 号：S343.4[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]