甘肃南部地区中华松针蚧的发生规律及其天敌种类  

Investigation on Matsucoccus sinensis and its natural enemies and their occurrence patterns in the southern region of Gansu Province

作　　者：李丹春 付作霖 刘锦乾 张文宇 杨静 LI Danchun;FU Zuolin;LIU Jinqian;ZHANG Wenyu;YANG Jing(Bailongjiang Forestry Science Institute of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730000,China;Gansu Bailongjiang National Forest Ecosystem Research Station,Zhouqu 746300,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省白龙江林业科学研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [2]甘肃白龙江森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,甘肃舟曲746300

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2024年第3期180-187,共8页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：甘肃省林业和草原科技计划项目(2019kj074)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究中华松针蚧M.sinensis各虫态在甘肃南部的发生时间、生活习性、各龄期形态变化及天敌昆虫种类,为有效监测中华松针蚧种群动态变化提供可靠依据。【方法】根据中华松针蚧在甘肃南部的分布现状,选择甘肃南部小陇山林区、康县林区、白龙江林区3个油松生长监测样地,采用野外连续调查和室内饲养、观察及镜检相结合的方法进行研究。【结果】该虫初孵若虫具有发达的触角和足,1龄若虫后期开始形成黑色介壳,2龄若虫在介壳内越冬后为3龄若虫。3龄雄若虫从蚧壳爬出后爬向树干基部的树皮层内,经过化蛹,羽化为雄成虫,3龄雌若虫在蚧壳内羽化为雌成虫。中华松针蚧在甘肃南部均为1年发生1代,其初孵若虫在以上3个林区出现的时期分别为5月中旬、下旬及6月上旬;且均以2龄若虫进行越冬。甘肃南部林区中华松针蚧的天敌昆虫有松蚧益蛉Sympherobiusmatsucocciphagus、卫松褐蛉Sympherobius.weisong、牯蛉草蛉Chrysopakulingensis、红点唇瓢虫Chilocoruskuwanae、双七瓢虫Coccinulaquatuordecimpustulata、红环瓢虫Rodolialimbata、十二斑和瓢虫Synharmonia bissexnotata及大黑蚂蚁Polyrhachis vicina 8种天敌。【结论】通过系统描述中华松针蚧各虫态的形态特征变化及发育过程,持续拍摄获得特别是初孵若虫及雌成虫显露、交尾和产卵等形态特征图,为该蚧虫的野外快速准确识别、虫口调查、预测预报及检验检疫等方面提供参考依据。【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence time,living habits,morphological changes at different stages,and natural enemies of M.sinensis in southern Gansu,providing a reliable basis for effectively monitoring the population dynamics of M.sinensis.【Method】 Three monitoring samples of Pinus tabulaeformis were selected from the Xiaolongshan Forest Region,Kangxian Forest Region,and Bailongjiang Forest Region in southern Gansu,based on the distribution status of M.sinensis.The study employed a combination of continuous field investigations,indoor breeding,observations,and microscopic examinations.【Result】 The newly hatched nymph of M.sinensis had developed antennae and feet.The first instar nymph undergone black shell formation in the later stage,and the second instar nymph became a third instar nymph after overwintering within the shell.The third instar male nymph exited the scale shell and moved into the bark layer at the base of the tree trunk.After pupation,it emerged as a male adult,while the third instar female nymph transformed into a female adult within the scale shell.M.sinensis exhibited an annual life cycle in southern Gansu,with the first hatching nymphs appearing in mid-May,late May,and early June in the three forest areas,respectively.All nymphs overwintered as second instars.Eight natural enemies of M.sinensis were identified in the southern forest area of Gansu,including Sympherobius matsucocciphagus,Sympherobius weisong,Chrysopa kulingensis,Chilocorus kuwanae,Coccinula quatuordecimpustulata,Rodolia limbata,Synharmonia bissexnotata,and Polyrhachis vicina.【Conclusion】 Through systematic descriptions of morphological changes and developmental processes at various stages of M.sinensis,including the use of continuous photography to capture characteristic morphological features during exposure,mating,and egg-laying of newly hatched nymphs and female adults,this study provided a reference basis for rapid and accurate identification,population investigation,pred

关 键 词：中华松针蚧 形态特征 生物学习性 天敌 发生规律 

分 类 号：S763.35[农业科学—森林保护学]