我国6~23月龄婴幼儿喂养行为与营养不良的关联性研究  

Study on the association between feeding practices and malnutrition among infants and young children aged 6-23 months in China

作　　者：崔淼 王硕[1] 杨振宇 张倩 李瑞莉[3] 王玉英 赵文华 徐韬[1] CUI Miao;WANG Shuo;YANG Zhenyu;ZHANG Qian;LI Ruili;WANG Yuying;ZHAO Wenhua;XU Tao(National Center for Women and Children's Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100081,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心妇幼保健中心,北京100081 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所 [3]首都儿科研究所

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2024年第4期473-477,共5页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：科技部基础资源调查专项(2017FY101104)。

摘　　要：目的了解我国6~23月龄婴幼儿的营养不良状况,探索婴幼儿喂养与营养不良之间的关联性。方法2019—2021年,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,在我国14个省(自治区、直辖市)抽取6~23月龄婴幼儿,采用问卷调查和健康体检进行现场调查,采用χ^(2)检验、logistic回归分析影响婴幼儿营养不良的喂养行为因素。结果本研究纳入6~23月龄婴幼儿8158人,生长迟缓率3.80%、低体重率1.53%、消瘦率1.51%。男、女童生长迟缓率(5.23%vs.2.32%)、低体重率(1.95%vs.1.10%)差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=47.18、9.86,P<0.01);农村婴幼儿生长迟缓率(4.73%),高于城市婴幼儿(3.04%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=15.80,P<0.01);南方婴幼儿生长迟缓率(4.27%)、低体重率(1.96%)高于北方婴幼儿(3.34%、1.11%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.79、9.69,P=0.03、<0.01);母亲文化程度为大专及以上者,其婴幼儿生长迟缓率、低体重率、消瘦率低于文化程度为高中及以下者(3.02%vs.4.60%、1.20%vs.1.92%、1.26%vs.1.81%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=13.06、7.06、4.09,P<0.01、0.01、0.04)。辅食添加种类(OR=1.44,95%CI:1.09~1.90,P=0.01)、频率不合格(OR=1.78,95%CI:1.37~2.32,P<0.01)是6~23月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓的危险因素。相比于在6月龄引入辅食,≤5月龄引入是婴幼儿消瘦的危险因素(OR=1.68,95%CI:1.11~2.54,P=0.01)。结论我国部分6~23月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓率仍较高,合理的辅食添加种类和频次、辅食引入时间与婴幼儿生长发育密切相关。Objective To understand the nutritional status of infants and young children aged 6-23 months in China and to explore the association between complementary feeding behavior and infant malnutrition.Methods From 2019 to 2021,a multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select infants and young children aged 6-23 months from 14 provinces(autonomous regions,centrally-administered municipalities).A questionnaire survey and onsite health examinations were conducted,and theχ^(2) test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the association between complementary feeding behavior and infant malnutrition.Results This study included 8158 infants and young children aged 6-23 months,among whom the rates of stunting,underweight,and wasting were 3.80%,1.53%,and 1.51%,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the rates of stunting(5.23%vs.2.32%)and low weight(1.95%vs.1.10%)between boys and girls(χ^(2)=47.18,9.86,P<0.01).The stunting rate among rural infants and young children was higher than that among urban infants and young children,with statistically significant differences(4.73%vs.3.04%,χ^(2)=15.80,P<0.01).The rates of stunting and low weight among infants and young children in the southern region were higher than those in the northern region(4.27%vs.3.34%,1.96%vs.1.11%),with statistically significant differences(χ^(2)=4.79,9.69,P=0.03,<0.01).Infants and young children whose mothers had a college education or above had lower rates of stunting,low weight,and wasting than those whose mothers had a high school education or below,with statistically significant differences(χ^(2)=13.06,7.06,4.09,P<0.01,0.01,0.04).Inadequate type(OR=1.44,95%CI:1.09-1.90,P=0.01)and frequency of complementary feeding(OR=1.78,95%CI:1.37-2.32,P<0.01)were risk factors for stunting among infants and young children aged 6-23 months,and introduction of complementary feeding at≤5 months was a risk factor for wasting among infants and young children(OR=1.68,95%CI:1.11-2.54,P=0.01).Conclusions The prev

关 键 词：婴幼儿 营养不良 补充喂养 儿童营养 

分 类 号：R174[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R153.2[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]