国家在场视域下18世纪甘青地区蒙藏民族关系的嬗递——以《第二世嘉木样传》为中心  

The Evolution of Mongolian-Tibetan Ethnic Relations in Gansu and Qinghai in the 18th century from the Perspective of State Presence--Centered around The Biography of the Second vJam-dbyangs

作　　者：仁增拉青旺姆 Rig-vdzin lHa-chen dbang-mo

机构地区：[1]青海民族大学文学与新闻传播学院,西宁810000

出　　处：《中国藏学》2024年第2期27-36,212,213,共12页China Tibetology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“藏传佛教僧传名著《第二世嘉木样传》的翻译与研究”(项目编号:22XZJ009)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：清朝中央政府在青藏高原确立统治权威的进程中,经历了以蒙治藏、蒙藏分治、以藏治藏到直接管辖的曲折历程,和硕特部前首旗与藏传佛教格鲁派拉卜楞寺之间檀越关系的转折,正是此脉络在甘青地区的历史缩影。以探讨国家与社会互动关系的“国家在场”理论为视域,结合《第二世嘉木样传》中的相关史实可知,清朝前期在对甘青蒙藏地区逐步提升管辖能力的同时,区域内部也在进行相应的有意无意地整合,而当清朝政府的权威进一步深入影响地方后,蒙藏民族关系则呈现出自觉加强中央向心力与彼此之间通和往来的发展趋势,继而使清朝大一统局面日益巩固。以此个案可窥探18世纪甘青地区蒙藏民族共享历史符号、塑造集体记忆以及增进国家认同的发展进程,为民族交往交流交融形成统一多民族国家提供更为丰富的历史经验,进而对中华民族多元一体格局有所全面认识。The central government of the Qing Dynasty went through a tortuous process of establishing its ruling authority on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,including the governance of Tibetan with Mongolian,the differentiated governance of Mongolian and Tibetan,the governance of Tibetan with Tibetan,and direct jurisdiction.The turning point in the mChod-yon(patron and priest)relationship between the Gelugpa Labrang Monastery of Tibetan Buddhism and the front banner of the Mongolian Khoshut tribe,is precisely the historical epitome of this context in the Gansu and Qinghai regions.From the perspective of"state presence"theory,which discusses the interaction between state and society,combined with relevant historical facts in The Biography of the Second vjam-dbyangs,it can be inferred that in the early Qing Dynasty,while gradually improving control and jurisdiction over the Mongolian and Tibetan areas in Gansu and Qinghai,corresponding unconscious integration was also carried out within there.When the authority of the central government penetrated into the areas,the relationship between the Mongolian and Tibetan ethnic groups showed a trend of centripetal consciousness and harmonious communication,and then the unification of the Qing Dynasty became increasingly consolidated.In this case,we can see the development process of sharing historical symbols,shaping collective memory and enhancing national identity among the Mongolian and Tibetan ethnic groups in Gansu and Qinghai in the 18th century,providing richer historical experience for ethnic contacts,exchanges and integration to form a unified multi-ethnic country,so as to have a comprehensive understanding of the pluralistic and integrated pattern of the Chinese nation.

关 键 词：《第二世嘉木样传》 二世嘉木样 拉卜楞寺 蒙藏民族关系 

分 类 号：K249.2[历史地理—历史学]