五守舍神:藏族文化中的身体认知研究  

The vGo-bavi-lha-lnga:A Study on the Body Cognition in Tibetan Culture

作　　者：王含章 WANG Han-zhang

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学中国西部边疆研究院,西安710062

出　　处：《中国藏学》2024年第2期164-174,219,共12页China Tibetology

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“甘川交界地带藏族的空间象征与文化认知模式研究”(项目编号:19CMZ021)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：藏族文化中普遍认为人自出生以来,身体上天然依附着五大神灵,称之为“五守舍神”。文章通过梳理藏文文献中有关五守舍神的相关记载发现,有关五神的原始记录大多出现于早期苯教文献或民间歌谣文本中,其内容多与宇宙起源或人类最初的繁衍有关,但早期的文献记录缺乏系统性特征。随着历史、社会和文化的演进,受到藏传佛教影响的五守舍神开始向结构化发展,并且具有了明确的拟人形象和在唐卡中的精确图像。文章探讨了五守舍神的名称、形象及其在人体中的居处等相关问题。同时,文章结合近年来田野调查的情况认为,五守舍神信仰在日常的文化实践中虽然逐渐式微,但其在藏族文化中的象征隐喻却呈现出对内在身体和外在世界二者关联性的独特见解,即“具身性”(embodiment)这一重要的文化主题,值得进一步研究。In Tibetan culture,it is widely believed that from birth,each person is naturally accompanied by five guardian deities,known as the vGo-bavi-lha-lnga(five guardian deities).This paper reviews Tibetan texts about these deities and finds that the earliest references often appear in ancient Bon religion manuscripts or in folk songs,mainly linked to cosmic origins or human procreation,but lacking systematic features.With the evolution of history,society,and culture,the vGo-bavi-lha-lnga,influenced by Tibetan Buddhism,became more structured,with distinct anthropomorphic characteristics and precise depictions in thangka paintings.The article explores various aspects of the vGo-bavi-lha-lnga,including their names,forms,and the places they reside in the human body.Despite the gradual decline of faith in these deities in everyday cultural practices,recent fieldwork reveals that the symbolic significance of vGo-bavi-lha-lnga in Tibetan culture still provides unique insights into the connection between the body and the external world.This important cultural theme,known as"embodiment,"merits further exploration.

关 键 词：五守舍神 身体认知 具身性 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学]