河南省2019-2022年媒介伊蚊监测:幼蚊种群特征及登革热风险分析  

Population characteristics of Aedes larvae and dengue risk analysis based on vector surveillance data in Henan Province,China,2019-2022

作　　者：赵奇[1] 张叶 樊金星 岳思宁 王安琪 刘吉起[1] ZHAO Qi;ZHANG Ye;FAN Jin-xing;YUE Si-ning;WANG An-qi;LIU Ji-qi(Institute of Disinfection and Vector Control,Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhengzhou,Henan 450016,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省疾病预防控制中心消毒与媒介生物控制研究所,河南郑州450016

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2024年第3期303-307,共5页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

摘　　要：目的了解河南省登革热媒介伊蚊的种群密度和季节消长,为登革热风险评估、监测预警及控制提供科学依据。方法2019-2022年每年5-10月的伊蚊活动季节,采用布雷图指数(BI)法在河南省14个监测县(区)进行媒介伊蚊监测。使用Excel 2010软件汇总监测结果,判定风险等级,计算季节指数。使用SPSS 25.0软件,采用t检验和方差分析比较不同年度、不同地区BI的差异。结果2019-2022年媒介伊蚊BI分别为15.31、14.27、11.34和12.32,7、8月为蚊密度高峰。4年累计330次监测中有85次(25.76%)的监测结果达到区域流行风险、70次(21.21%)达到暴发风险、77次(23.33%)达到传播风险、98次(29.70%)无传播风险,河南省南部达到区域流行风险的比例高于黄河以北和黄河沿线。2020-2022年各监测点的监测结果与2019年相比,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),不同区域之间监测结果差异亦均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论河南省媒介伊蚊密度偏高,伊蚊活动高峰季节大多数监测点具备潜在登革热传播条件,预计未来输入性登革热病例会有较大增加,需要密切关注国内国际登革热疫情变化,做好应急处置准备。Objective To investigate the density and seasonality of the dengue vector Aedes populations in Henan Province,China,so as to provide a scientific basis for the risk assessment,monitoring,early-warning,and control of dengue fever.Methods From May to October of 2019 to 2022,Aedes vectors were monitored using the Breteau index(BI)method at 14 surveillance sites of Henan Province.Excel 2010 software was used to pool data,determine risk levels,and calculate the seasonal index.SPSS 25.0 software was used to perform the t-test and analysis of variance to compare the BI of different years and regions.Results The BI of Aedes mosquitoes from 2019 to 2022 were 15.31,14.27,11.34,and 12.32,respectively.The peaks occurred in July and August.Among 330 monitoring tasks over the four years,a regional spread risk was indicated in 85(25.76%),an outbreak risk indicated in 70(21.21%),a transmission risk indicated in 77(23.33%),and no risk indicated in 98(29.70%).The proportion of areas reaching a regional spread risk in southern Henan Province was higher than that in the northern part and along the Yellow River.The BI results of 2020,2021,and 2022 were not significantly different from that of 2019(all P>0.05).The BI showed no significant difference between regions(all P>0.05).Conclusions The density of Aedes mosquitoes is high in Henan Province,and there is a potential risk of dengue transmission in the peak season of Aedes for most surveillance sites.The number of imported dengue cases is expected to increase substantially in the future,highlighting the need for close attention to domestic and international dengue changes and emergency response and preparedness.

关 键 词：媒介伊蚊 布雷图指数 登革热 

分 类 号：R384.1[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学] R183.5[医药卫生—基础医学]