南京市2012-2022年德国小蠊密度和侵害率与抗药性变化分析  

Changes in the population density,infestation rate,and insecticide resistance of Blattella germanica in Nanjing,China,2012-2022

作　　者：张艳 宋丙栋 孙燕群[1] 闵玥 陈学敏 李碧涵 孙楠 孙璐瑶 张守刚[1] ZHANG Yan;SONG Bing-dong;SUN Yan-qun;MIN Yue;CHEN Xue-min;LI Bi-han;SUN Nan;SUN Lu-yao;ZHANG Shou-gang(Department of Disinfection and Vector Control,Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210003,China;School of Public Health,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 211166,China)

机构地区：[1]南京市疾病预防控制中心消毒与病媒生物防制科,江苏南京210003 [2]南京医科大学公共卫生学院,江苏南京211166

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2024年第3期308-311,342,共5页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

基　　金：南京市卫生科技发展专项基金(ZKX23060)。

摘　　要：目的分析南京市德国小蠊密度和侵害率与抗药性变化,为科学合理使用杀虫剂提供理论依据。方法2012-2022年对南京市12个区德国小蠊密度和侵害率进行监测;收集试虫,采用药膜法对残杀威、高效氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、乙酰甲胺磷和毒死蜱抗药性进行测定。采用SPSS 22.0软件中的Probit模块进行数据处理,Spearman等级相关对年份与密度、侵害率和抗性倍数分别做相关性分析。结果2012-2022年蜚蠊密度分别为1.01、1.62、2.17、1.36、1.21、0.77、0.58、0.39、0.39、0.29和0.24只/张;侵害率分别为20.79%、28.80%、32.45%、28.89%、17.31%、10.92%、6.73%、5.64%、4.67%、5.00%和3.36%。2014年密度和侵害率均达到最高峰,2015年开始呈下降趋势,年份与密度和侵害率均呈显著负相关(ρ=-0.897,P<0.001;ρ=-0.909,P<0.001)。对残杀威抗性级别2015年上升为低度抗性,2020年抗性倍数最高,为4.73,年份与抗性倍数呈显著的正相关(ρ=0.929,P=0.003)。对高效氯氰菊酯抗性级别2015年起上升为中、高度抗性,抗性倍数2020年最高,为40.53,年份与抗性倍数呈显著正相关(ρ=0.821,P=0.023)。对溴氰菊酯抗性级别2015年起上升为中、高抗性,甚至极高度抗性,年份与抗性倍数相关性不明显(ρ=0.714,P=0.111)。毒死蜱和乙酰甲胺磷总体上呈现低度抗性,年份与抗性倍数相关性均不明显(ρ=-0.003,P=0.624;ρ=-0.771,P=0.072)。结论2012-2022年,随着年份增加南京市德国小蠊密度和侵害率降低,对残杀威和高效氯氰菊酯的抗药性水平升高。随着德国小蠊抗药性逐渐增高,其密度和侵害率可能出现反弹,应给予高度重视。Objective To investigate changes in the density,infestation rate,and insecticide resistance of Blattella germanica in Nanjing,China,so as to provide a theoretical basis for scientific and rational use of insecticides.Methods From 2012 to 2022,the density and infestation rate of B.germanica were monitored in the 12 districts of Nanjing,and the resistance of the samples to propoxur,beta-cypermethrin,deltamethrin,acephate,and chlorpyrifos was tested by using the residual film method.The data were processed using the Probit module of SPSS 22.0 software.Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was conducted to correlate year with density,infestation rate,and resistance ratio.Results From 2012 to 2022,the densities of cockroaches were 1.01,1.62,2.17,1.36,1.21,0.77,0.58,0.39,0.39,0.29,and 0.24 individuals/trap,respectively;and the infestation rates were 20.79%,28.80%,32.45%,28.89%,17.31%,10.92%,6.73%,5.64%,4.67%,5.00%,and 3.36%,respectively.The density and infestation rate reached their peaks both in 2014,and decline since 2015,showing significant negative correlations between the year of investigation and the density and infestation rate(ρ=-0.897,P<0.001;ρ=-0.909,P<0.001).Propoxur resistance commenced at a low level in 2015,and the resistance ratio peaked at 4.73 in 2020,showing a significant positive correlation between the year and the resistance ratio(ρ=0.929,P=0.003).Beta-cypermethrin resistance increased to a medium to high level since 2015,and the resistance ratio reached the peak of 40.53 in 2020,showing a significant positive correlation between the year and the resistance ratio(ρ=0.821,P=0.023).Deltamethrin resistance increased to medium to high or even to extremely high levels since 2015,with no significant correlation between the year and the resistance ratio(ρ=0.714,P=0.111).The levels of resistance to chlorpyrifos and acephate were low in general,with no significant correlation between the year and the resistance ratio(ρ=-0.003,P=0.624;ρ=-0.771,P=0.072).Conclusions From 2012 to 2022,the density and in

关 键 词：德国小蠊 抗药性 杀虫剂 南京市 

分 类 号：R384.9[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学] S481.4[医药卫生—基础医学]