中国近世历史理论的三次飞跃——从今文经学的复兴到唯物史观的确立  

hree Leaps of the Theory of History in Modern China:From Revival of the New Text of Confucianism to Establishment of Historical Materialism

作　　者：周文玖[1] Zhou Wenjiu

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院,北京100875

出　　处：《史学史研究》2024年第2期27-39,共13页Journal of Historiography

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国近代史学与中华民族精神研究”(项目编号:19JJD77005)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国近世历史理论有三次飞跃,即今文经学的复兴、从朴素进化观到进化史观、从进化史观到唯物史观。考据学兴盛期间庄存与复兴的今文经学,经刘逢禄到龚自珍、魏源时代,已与社会危机紧密联系,从传统经学转向近代经学,显示出明显的进化思想因素,至清末康有为之时,形成了朴素进化观。它与严复引进的西方进化论进行一定的化合后,通过批判和改造中国旧史学,演变为具有中国特色的进化史观。唯物史观是随着马克思主义在中国的传播而引入中国,并在扬弃进化史观的基础上得以确立,马克思主义史家李大钊、郭沫若、翦伯赞等做出了突出贡献。近世历史理论的进步根源于社会变革的需要;历史理论对史学理论具有决定性影响。The Chinese theory of history had underwent three significant leaps during the modern period:the revival of the new text of Confucianism,the transition from a natural evolutionism to the historical evolutionism,and the evolution from the historical evolutionism to historical materialism.The new text of Confucianism was promoted by Zhuang Cunyu during a period of flourishing textual criticism.By the efforts of Liu Fenglu to Gong Zizhen and Wei Yuan,it related closely to social crises,leading to a transformation from traditional Confucianism to a modern form,manifested by remarkable evolutionary characteristics.The natural evolutionary view emerged at the end of the Qing Dynasty,notably championed by some scholars,such as Kang Youwei.It underwent further development when merged with the Western evolutionism which was introduced by Yan Fu,resulting in the formation of a historical evolutionism with distinct Chinese characteristics by criticizing and reforming traditional Chinese historiography.The introduction of historical materialism coincided with the dissemination of Marxism in China and historical materialism established by sublating the historical evolutionism.Marxist historians,such as Li Dazhao,Guo Moruo,and Jian Bozan,played pivotal roles in achieving the Chinese embracement of historical materialism.The above advancements in the modern theory of history fundamentally originated from the imperative of social transformation,and the modern theory of history exerted decisive influences on the theory of historiography.

关 键 词：历史理论 今文经学 进化史观 唯物史观 社会变革 

分 类 号：K092[历史地理—历史学]