司马光《通鉴举要历》探析——基于国图藏《资治通鉴残稿》的考察  

On Sima Guang’s TONGJIANJUYAOLI:A Research Based on the Fragment of ZIZHITONGJIAN Collected in the National Library of China

作　　者：郭桂坤 Guo Guikun

机构地区：[1]西北大学历史学院,陕西西安710199

出　　处：《史学史研究》2024年第2期116-126,共11页Journal of Historiography

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“中国古代国家治理视野下的唐代王言研究”(项目编号:20CZS025)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：国家图书馆所藏《资治通鉴残稿》,其得名缘于古今学者多认为它是司马光手书的《资治通鉴》初稿。不过,近年已有学者分别从内证与外证的角度予以了否认。实际上,残稿中留存的所谓《谢人惠物状》,应是司马光为编写《书仪》所拟的一份草稿,也可以补证残稿并非《资治通鉴》草稿。根据晁公武、胡寅和朱熹等人的叙述,可知在进上《资治通鉴》和《通鉴目录》后,司马光还想删略出一部篇幅在二者之间的《通鉴举要历》来,残稿即由此而生。《通鉴举要历》的“举要”原则,大体可以概括为“详则略之,略则仍之”。当然,因司马光晚年精力实有不逮,《通鉴举要历》可能存在些微删略不当的问题。更为关键的是,它沿袭并放大了编年体割裂史事之弊,未能很好地满足士子的阅读尤其是应试需要。因此其传布不广,南宋以后即湮没无闻。The Fragment of ZIZHITONGJIAN,collected in National Library of China,gets its name because most scholars have believed it is a handwritten draft of ZIZHITONGJIAN by Sima Guang,but its authenticity has been questioned by some scholars on direct and indirect evidences.In fact,the XIERENHUIWUZHUANG in the Fragment should be a draft written by Sima Guang for compilation of SHUYI,and it is a supporting evidence that the Fragment is not a draft of ZIZHITONGJIAN.According to the records of Chao Gongwu,Hu Yin and Zhu Xi,it can be determined that after completed the ZIZHITONGJIAN and TONGJIANMULU,Sima Guang tried to compile a TONGJIANJUYAOLI which length is between the two,and the Fragment should actually be the latter draft.The principle of“listing key points”in the book could be summarized as“abbreviating the detailed records and keeping the brief records”.Due to Sima Guang's energy being flagging in his later years,the book had some defects in abridging,and it followed and magnified the shortcomings of chronicles that separate same historical event in different parts,and couldn't meet the ancient intellectuals'needs of taking exams.Therefore,its spread was limited,and it lost after the Southern Song Dynasty.

关 键 词：司马光 《资治通鉴残稿》 《通鉴举要历》 《通鉴节要》 《资治通鉴纲目》 

分 类 号：K092[历史地理—历史学]