债权人撤销权行使的法律效果  

The Legal Effect of the Exercise of Creditor's Revocation Right

作　　者：朱广新[1] Zhu Guangxin

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《财经法学》2024年第4期29-47,共19页Law and Economy

基　　金：中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”资助计划资助(DF2023YS32)。

摘　　要：《民法典》第542条关于债权人撤销权行使效果的规定近年来争议颇大。根据《合同编通则解释》的最新规定,撤销权行使既可致使债务人的行为自始绝对无效,也可发挥债权人得请求相对人向债务人承担返还财产等法律后果的效力。根据我国现行强制执行规则,要使撤销权的请求力发挥一种不可替代的作用,应允许行使撤销权的债权人代位受领相对人向债务人提出的给付。为与代位权制度保持适度的规范体系平衡,行使撤销权的债权人可以通过《民法典》有关抵销的规定,代为受领相对人的给付而直接实现债权。当债务人为企业法人时,债权人撤销权的行使效果应注意与《企业破产法》规定的破产管理人撤销权的衔接适用。The provision of Article 542 of the Chinese Civil Code on the effectiveness of exercising the creditor's right of revocation has been controversial in recent years.According to the latest provisions of the Judicial Interpretation of the General Principles of Contract Book in the Chinese Civil Code,the exercise of the right of revocation can not only result in the debtor's behavior being absolutely invalid from the beginning,but may also have the effect of the creditor's right to request the counterparty to bear legal consequences such as returning property to the debtor.According to the current rules of civil judgment enforcement in our country,in order to make the requesting power of revocation right play an irreplaceable role,the creditor exercising the revocation right should be allowed to subrogate the performance made by the counterparty to the debtor.In order to maintain a moderate normative system balance with the system of subrogation right,creditors who exercise the right of revocation can directly realize their claims through the provisions of the Chinese Civil Code on offsetting,with the performance received by the counterparty through subrogation.When the debtor is an enterprise legal person,the exercise effect of the creditor's revocation right should pay attention to the applicable relationship with the revocation right of the bankruptcy administrator stipulated in the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law.

关 键 词：债权人撤销权 相对无效 绝对无效 形成权 请求权 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]