替代交易的中国景象  

The Chinese Landscape of Substitute Transaction

作　　者：孙良国 Sun Liangguo

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院

出　　处：《财经法学》2024年第4期48-62,共15页Law and Economy

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“基于类型化的违约损害赔偿计算的公式化研究”(22AFX014)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：《合同编通则解释》第60条第2款首次确定了替代交易作为违约损害赔偿的优先计算方法,这是重要的观念变革与制度进步。本款具有很好的商事实践以及司法实践基础,并非简单的比较法借鉴。替代交易作为违约损害赔偿的优先计算方法,合乎道德,适当地分配了市场风险,有助于提升交易效率,能够实现完全赔偿原则。同一性是替代交易的通常要求,基于功能的考量,不具同一性的交易在特定语境下也可能是适格的。替代交易也存在两种特殊的案型。替代交易法律效果的核心是非违约方可以请求赔偿差额损失。基于完全赔偿,非违约方也可以索赔附随损失,同时须减去已经获得的利益。Article 60 paragraph 2 of Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on the General Provisions of the Contract Part of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China determines for the first time that the substitute transaction is the preferred calculation method of damages for breach of contract,which is worthy of highly praise.This rule also has a good basis for business and judicial practice.The explicit provision of the substitute transaction could promote the accurate understanding and wide application of the rule.The substitute transaction as the priority calculation method of damages for breach of contract is ethical.It could improve efficiency and realize the principle of indifference.Identity is a common but not the only requirement for substitute transactions,and non-identity transactions may also be appropriate under some particular circumstances.The effect of a substitute transaction is that the victim could claim the difference in value as well as collateral loss,and then minus the cost avoided.

关 键 词：替代交易 违约损害赔偿 替代性 差额损失 完全赔偿原则 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]