有限责任公司“人”的特征重构--基于人合性的反思  

Reconstruction of the Characteristics of Member in Limited Liability Corporations:Expectations based on Members’Personal Relationships

作　　者：沈云樵[1] Shen Yunqiao(Faculty of law,Macao University of Science and Technology,Macao 999078)

机构地区：[1]澳门科技大学法学院,中国澳门999078

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2024年第7期45-57,156,157,共15页Zhejiang Social Sciences

摘　　要：人合性是被我国公司法理论和实务界广泛认可的有限责任公司特征。“人合性”三字虽未明确入法,但是我国《公司法》在1993年制定之初即创设了相关制度,三十年来对人合性的肯定立场没有根本改变,2023年新《公司法》赓续传统,未有突破。在有限公司股东资格认定、股权转让等司法实务中,人合性已经成为司法审判的依据,影响深远。观诸英美法系和大陆法系国家,并无将有限公司列为人合性公司的立法例,而我国公司法上对人合性制度的立法论和解释论皆付诸阙如。实则,有限公司并无先验的所谓人合性特征,其应为契约性和法人实体的二合一。将来《公司法》再修订,应彻底废除有限公司人合性及其制度。The members’personal relationships is a characteristic of limited liability corporations widely recognized by the theoretical and practical circles of corporate law in China.Although the words the members’personal relationships have not been explicitly included in the law,relevant systems were created when Company Law of China was enacted in 1993.The affirmative position on the members’personal relationships has not fundamentally changed in the past thirty years.The new Company Law in 2023 continues the tradition without any breakthrough.In judicial practices such as shareholder qualifi‐cation identification and equity transfer of limited liability corporations,the members’personal relation‐ships has become the basis for judicial trials and has far-reaching influence.Looking at countries with common law systems and civil law systems,there are no legislative examples that classify limited liabil‐ity corporation as a corporation with members’personal relationships.However,there is no legislation or interpretation of the members’personal relationships in Company Law of China.In fact,a limited li‐ability corporation does not have the a priori so-called characteristics of members’personal relation‐ships.It should be a combination of contract and legal entity.In the future,when the Company Law is revised,the members’personal relationships and its system should be completely abolished.

关 键 词：有限责任公司 人合性 契约 有限责任 法人实体 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]