政治性与公共善--基于亚里士多德《政治学》的考察  

Political Nature and Common Good:An Examination Based on Aristotle s Politics

作　　者：黄梦晓 Huang Mengxiao

机构地区：[1]四川大学公共管理学院,成都610064

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第4期53-61,208,209,共11页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“新冠肺炎疫情下增进团结的公民责任研究”(20CZZ013);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“共和主义视野下的全球正义理论研究”(YJ2021142)。

摘　　要：重新审视亚里士多德关于政治动物和政治共同体的论述,可以发现人所特有的自然政治性并非当代社群主义所理解的对在先的共同体公共善的积极参与和奉献,而是为了好生活的目的用语言揭示什么是善好和正义。城邦的公共善是在一种既非直觉感知共同体的目的,也非讨价还价和相互妥协不同利益的“政治地行动”中实现的,即在审议和说服的过程中将人们关于善好和正义相互冲突的主张,汇聚成一个全体公民都能接受的判断和决定。人的自然政治性包括与动物共有的政治性和人所特有的政治性,后者与城邦作为政治的共同体具有紧密的对应关系,不宜将人的政治性宽泛地运用在家庭等共同体,从而模糊家庭和城邦的区别以及“政治性”本身所具有的规范性意义。The polis in Aristotle s Politics has been considered by contemporary communitarians as a community that carries its own history and tradition,where its members as“embedded selves”are integrated in their pursuit of the common good.By examining Aristotle s conception of political animal and political community,this paper maintains that Aristotle does not understand political nature as merely contributing to the common good of the community.Rather,he considers it as revealing what is goodness and justice by logos for the sake of good life,thereby realizing the common good through deliberation and persuasion in political life.Firstly,the political nature of human beings includes both a political nature shared with animals and a distinctive political nature unique to humans,the latter being closely related to the polis as a political community.It is inappropriate to broadly apply human s political nature to other communities such as family,as this would blur the distinction between family and polis,as well as undermine the normative significance of the political nature unique to human beings.This normative significance lies in the idea that the second political drive for good life,endowed by nature and unique to humans,should replace the first natural desire for survival shared with animals.The polis should create institutional conditions that enable human beings to lead a political life,where citizens can exercise their deliberative functions to achieve a good life.Only under these conditions will citizens,in accordance with their political nature,be willing to sustain the polis as a political community.Secondly,the common good of the polis is achieved through a process that relies neither on intuitive perception of the purpose of the community nor on bargaining and compromising different interests.Instead,it is realized through deliberation and persuasion,where conflicting claims about the goodness and justice are reintegrated into a judgment and decision acceptable to all citizens.At this juncture,two points a

关 键 词：社群主义 政治性 好生活 公共善 审议 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学]