裁判文书不说理的制度逻辑  

The Institutional Constraints behind the Lack of Judicial Reasoning in Adjudicative Documents

作　　者：侯学宾[1] Hou Xuebin

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院,长春130015

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第4期170-185,218,共17页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“当代中国新兴权利生成机制研究”(22AFX002)。

摘　　要：裁判文书说理问题关系到人民群众能否在每一个司法案件中感受到公平正义。处于法院系统中的法官的行动面临多重工作要求和制度约束,裁判文书说理的制度性要求并非一直“在场”,而且“在场”的形式和定位也不是始终不变。裁判文书说理问题不只是一个技术,或者说个人素质和技巧问题,因为受制于外在的制度环境和社会结构,法官并不能随心所欲地安排自己的时间和精力,其中蕴含着一种注意力分配机制。这种注意力分配机制具有理性选择的能动性基础,但也受到社会身份、目标和认知等方面的影响。制度性的约束需要通过一种激励制度实现,从而影响法官的注意力分配,激励法官积极实施制度要求的事情。裁判文书不说理问题在激励制度上的根源可以从显性激励机制、隐性激励机制和监督激励机制等方面被审视。改变裁判文书不说理的现状,不能仅仅落入法官个人素质的窠臼,而是需要从制度体系产生的正向和反向激励入手进行改革与完善。The issue of judicial reasoning in adjudicative documents relates to whether the public can feel fairness and justice in every case.Judges in the court system face multiple work requirements and institutional constraints.The institutional requirements for judicial reasoning in adjudicative documents are not always“present”,and the form and positioning of“presence”are not always the same.The historical changes in the reform of judicial reasoning in adjudicative documents allow us to see more clearly the process of the formation of the institutional environment and the possible different institutional constraints faced by individual judges.Because judges are subject to external institutional environments and social structures,they cannot arrange their time and energy at will,which implies a mechanism for attention allocation.The problem of“more cases but fewer judges”constitutes the external basis for the judge s attention allocation,and the judge s multiple identities constitute the internal basis for the judge s limited initiative.Due to the limited resources and attention,a person cannot complete all tasks at the same time,and has to prioritize them,so we need to conduct a mechanistic examination of the factors that affect the judge s attention allocation.This attention allocation mechanism includes professional commitment mechanism,plan and goal mechanism,salience mechanism,and expectation standard mechanism.Institutional constraints need to be addressed through an incentive mechanism to influence the judge s attention allocation and encourage judges to actively implement the things required by the mechanism.The explicit incentive mechanism is in a state of absence in the judicial reasoning in adjudicative documents,and this absence causes the judge to have no motivation to allocate his attention to judicial reasoning.In the implicit incentive mechanism,the judicial reasoning in adjudicative documents is in an uncertain and unobservable state in the judge s work performance,and cannot become an effe

关 键 词：裁判文书说理 注意力分配 激励机制 制度逻辑 

分 类 号：D903[政治法律—法学理论]