从文事到文献:对20世纪30年代上海文坛剽窃现象的考察  

From Literary Incidents to Research Literature:Examining Plagiarism in the Literary World of Shanghai in the 1930s

作　　者：宫震 Gong Zhen

机构地区：[1]山东大学文学院,济南266237

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第4期195-203,219,220,共11页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

摘　　要：20世纪30年代,上海文坛剽窃事件频发。根据对象和手段的不同,可以分为“抄袭”和“窃稿”两种类型。就产生原因来看,除了“文人无行”等道德因素之外,还应该注意到刊稿制度、文化市场规则与法律监管能力等因素对剽窃事件的影响;就传播过程来看,针对剽窃事件的举发和辩论文章都以报刊等现代传媒为载体,由此形成了一个公共论域,这些文章大多具有鲜明的导向性和策略性,这使原本就各执己见的剽窃事件变得更加复杂缠结;就文献的辨伪方法来看,剽窃致伪是现代文学伪作产生的重要原因。研究者应凭借校勘法、考证法来确证伪作、考察事件的来龙去脉。还应认识到作家的剽窃行为在本质上是对读者的蓄意欺诈,这是区别剽窃与参照、引用的关键之处。In the 1930s,plagiarism incidents occurred frequently in the literary world of Shanghai.Some writers,including Zhang Ziping,Shi Jixing,Zeng Jinke,Zhang Yiping,Qian Gechuan,Zhang Ruogu,Mu Shiying,Yu Mutao and He Jiahuai,among others,were accused of their misconduct in newspapers and magazines.According to their publications and the methods they used,we can divide their plagiarism into two types:“copying”and“stealing”.The former is more explicit and easily exposed by the parties involved,while the latter is relatively secretive and is more likely to stir up debates in newspapers and magazines.In response to such incidents,people often lament that“men of letters lack integrity”,but in addition to moral factors,it is also necessary to analyze the causes by linking the literary ecology and social environment of Shanghai in the 1930s.From the perspective of editors,they are more inclined to choose manuscripts from“famous”authors to ensure sales,rather than easily promoting those“unknown”authors.However,excessive reliance on the game rules of the market will only blur the identity boundaries of literati,and literary activities are gradually degraded into commercial activities in this supply and demand relationship.Thus,the first consideration of some writers is not artistic pursuits,but economic benefits,and for that purpose they even resort to plagiarism.In addition,the lack of government supervision system and capability is also one of the reasons for the continuous plagiarism.Of course,the flourishing of the Shanghai newspaper industry and the popularity of cultural commerce not only gave rise to plagiarism incidents,but also constantly changed their forms of dissemination.The reporting and debate articles on plagiarism incidents of that period were published in modern media such as newspapers,forming a public discourse.Most of these articles had clear guidance and strategic nature,and even achieved hidden political intentions by vilifying the other party as“Hai Pai”,making the previously dive

关 键 词：上海文坛 剽窃 文人无行 辨伪方法 

分 类 号：I206.6[文学—中国文学]