施氮量对日光温室番茄开花坐果期光合和根系特性及土壤酶活性的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application on the Photosynthesis,Root Characteristics,and Soil Enzyme Activity during the Flowering and Fruiting Period of Greenhouse Tomatoes in Solar Greenhouse

作　　者：陈震 高俊杰[1] 刘中良[1] 王婷 韩珑 谷端银[1] 闫伟强[1] 曹杰 CHEN Zhen;GAO Junjie;LIU Zhongliang;WANG Ting;HAN Long;GU Duanyin;YAN Weiqiang;CAO Jie(Taian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taian 271000,Shandong,China;College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]泰安市农业科学院,山东泰安271000 [2]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2024年第7期71-78,共8页China Vegetables

基　　金：山东省蔬菜产业技术体系项目(SDAIT-05)。

摘　　要：以圣罗兰为试材,采用半开放槽式栽培,在等量磷、钾肥处理下,设置13个施氮量处理,研究不同追施氮量对日光温室番茄开花坐果期叶片光合作用、根系特性及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:适宜施氮量能够促进日光温室番茄开花坐果期生长发育,提高土壤酶活性,其中T11处理下植株叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量最高,叶绿素a/b最低,叶片净光合速率最高,比不施氮处理提高15.83%,叶片硝酸还原酶活性最高[61.37μg·g^(-1)·h^(-1)(FW)],根系活力最高,根系长度最长,土壤蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶活性最高。综上,本研究条件下T11处理,即施氮量为3.0 kg·(667 m^(2))^(-1)为日光温室番茄开花坐果期最适追施氮量。Using the Saint Laurent tomato as the experimental material and employing semi-open ditch cultivation,under equal phosphorus and potassium fertilizer treatments,13 nitrogen application treatments were set to investigate the effects of different nitrogen application levels on the photosynthesis of leaves,root characteristics,and soil enzyme activity during the flowering and fruiting period of greenhouse tomatoes in solar greenhouse.The results showed that an appropriate nitrogen application level could promote the growth and development of greenhouse tomatoes during the flowering and fruiting period,as well as increase soil enzyme activity.Among the treatments,treatment T11 exhibited the highest content of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,and carotenoids in plant leaves,the lowest chlorophyll a/b ratio,the highest net photosynthetic rate in leaves,15.83%higher compared to the no nitrogen application treatment,the highest nitrate reductase activity in leaves〔61.37μg·g^(-1)·h^(-1)(FW)〕,the highest root vitality,the longest root length,and the highest activities of soil sucrase and acid phosphatase enzymes.In conclusion,under the conditions of this study,treatment T11,with a nitrogen application level of 45.0 kg·hm^(-2),was determined to be the most appropriate nitrogen application level during the flowering and fruiting period of greenhouse tomatoes in a solar greenhouse.

关 键 词：番茄 开花坐果期 施氮量 生长发育 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学] S641.2