油菜钵苗移栽机成穴器参数优化与试验  

Parameter optimization and experiment of soil opener for rapeseed pot seedling transplanter

作　　者：全伟 石方刚 马紫涛 官梅[3] 蒋啸虎 向伟 吴明亮[2] QUAN Wei;SHI Fanggang;MA Zitao;GUAN Mei;JIANG Xiaohu;XIANG Wei;WU Mingliang(College of Orient Science&Technology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Oil Crops Research Institute,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Institute of Bast Fiber Crops,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha,Hunan 410205,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学东方科技学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南农业大学机电工程学院,湖南长沙410128 [3]湖南农业大学油料作物研究所,湖南长沙410128 [4]中国农业科学院麻类研究所,湖南长沙410205

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期94-100,共7页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(23A0193、22B0188);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2022JJ40168、2021JJ40650)。

摘　　要：为了降低成穴作业过程中的功耗和减少孔穴成型过程中的穴内回土量,开展了油菜钵苗移栽机成穴器的参数优化研究。对成穴器的运动轨迹及受力进行分析,确定影响成型孔穴外形尺寸及成穴作业功耗的因素,选取成穴器底端尺寸、入土角度和入土深度为影响因素,通过单因素试验及多因素试验进行参数范围选取及多目标优化仿真试验,建立成穴器入土阻力和穴内截面回土率的数学模型,得到成穴器各参数对成穴作业质量的影响规律及最优参数组合。仿真试验结果表明:影响入土阻力的因素主次顺序为入土深度、入土角度、底端尺寸,影响穴内截面回土率的因素主次顺序为入土角度、入土深度、底端尺寸;成穴器的最优参数组合为底端尺寸39 mm、入土角度20.5°、入土深度60mm。利用成穴装置试验台对成穴作业效果进行验证,结果显示孔穴穴口直径、有效深度、入土阻力、穴内截面回土率的土槽试验结果与仿真值的相对误差分别为7.7%、3.7%、4.5%、8.3%,所成孔穴满足钵苗移栽要求,验证了所建模型和优化参数的准确性。In order to reduce the power consumption during the hole-forming operation and the amount of soil returned to the hole during the hole-forming process,this study was performed to find optimization of the parameters of the soil opener for rapeseed pot seedling transplanter.Analysis of the trajectory and force of the soil opener was used to determine the factors affecting the external dimensions of the molded hole and the power consumption of the hole-forming operation,and the bottom size of soil opener,the angle of entry soil and the soil opening depth were selected as the influencing factors.The parameter ranges and the multi-objective optimization simulation test through the single-factor and multi-factor tests were used to establish a mathematical model of the soil entry resistance of the soil opener and the rate of the soil return of the hole section to get the influence law of each parameter of soil opener on the quality of hole-forming operation and the optimal parameter combination.The results of the simulation tests showed that the factors affecting the soil entry resistance in the order of predominance were the soil opening depth,the angle of entry soil,the bottom size,while the factors affecting the rate of the soil return of the hole in the order of predominance were the angle of entry soil,the soil opening depth,and the bottom size.The optimal combination of parameters for the soil opener was the bottom size of 39 mm,the angle of entry soil of 20.5°and the soil opening depth of 60 mm.Using the hole-forming device test bench to verify the effect of hole-forming operation,the results showed that the relative errors of soil tank test results and the simulation values for hole opening diameter,effective depth,soil entry resistance and the rate of the soil return of the hole were 7.7%,3.7%,4.5%and 8.3%respectively,and the holes formed satisfied the requirements of potting seedling transplantation,which verified the accuracy of the constructed model and the optimized parameters.

关 键 词：油菜钵苗移栽机 成穴器 响应曲面 离散元法 入土阻力 

分 类 号：S223.92[农业科学—农业机械化工程]