耕作模式对红壤坡耕地典型作物不同生育期土壤入渗特性的影响  

The influence of tillage measures on soil infiltration characteristics at different growth stages of typical crops in red soil slopes farmland

作　　者：王道祥 李建兴 王建文 陈正发 颜科宇 胡燕梅 陶俊霖 WANG Daoxiang;LI Jianxing;WANG Jianwen;CHEN Zhengfa;YAN Keyu;HU Yanmei;TAO Junlin(College of Water Conservancy,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650201,China;Kunming Engineering Corporation Limited of POWERCHINA,Kunming,Yunnan 650051,China;Yunnan Water Diversion Project Construction Administration,Kunming,Yunnan 650051,China;Green Smart Agricultural Field and Carbon Emission Reduction Engineering Research Center of University in Yunnan Province,Kunming,Yunnan 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学水利学院,云南昆明650201 [2]中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司,云南昆明650051 [3]云南省滇中引水工程建设管理局,云南昆明650051 [4]云南省高校绿色智慧农田与碳减排工程研究中心,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《贵州师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期44-52,共9页Journal of Guizhou Normal University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：云南省基础研究计划面上项目(202201AT070272);云南省农业基础研究联合专项面上项目(202301BD070001-033);云南省水利科技项目(2023BG204001);云南省作物生产与智慧农业重点实验室开放基金课题(2022)。

摘　　要：以南方红壤区典型作物玉米为试验作物,设置顺坡垄作(Downslope ridge tillage,DT)、横坡垄作(Cross-slope ridge tillage,RT)、传统耕作(Conventional tillage,CT)、覆膜耕作(Plastic mulching tillage,PM)4种耕作模式试验小区,利用环刀法测定土壤入渗速率和累积入渗量,探析了耕作模式对红壤坡耕地作物不同生育期土壤入渗特性的影响,同时还对5种典型入渗模型在红壤坡耕地上的适宜性进行了评价。结果表明:(1)作物不同生育期土壤入渗速率和累积入渗量曲线差异明显,RT、PM的土壤入渗过程变化相对较大,而CT、DT的土壤入渗过程变化相对较小;(2)总体来看,RT、PM初始入渗率较大,且入渗速率变化较大,而DT、CT初始入渗率较小,入渗速率变幅也较小,饱和导水率总体表现为CT>RT>PM>DT;(3)不同耕作模式下的土壤初始入渗率与土壤容重呈负相关,与土壤有机质呈正相关,而稳定入渗率和饱和导水率则与土壤全氮含量呈正相关;(4)5种入渗模型均可较好地对不同耕作模式的红壤坡耕地土壤入渗过程进行拟合,其中Horton模型的拟合效果总体最优。研究结果可为红壤坡耕地降雨径流调控和坡耕地水土流失防治提供理论依据。In this context,the present study selected maize,a representative crop in the southern red soil region,as the experimental object,and established experimental plots with four different tillage measures treatments:Downslope ridge tillage(DT),Cross-slope ridge tillage(RT),Conventional tillage(CT),and Plastic mulching tillage(PM).The infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration were measured by using the ring knife method to investigate the impact of different tillage measures on the soil infiltration characteristics during different growth stages of crops in the red soil sloping farmland.Moreover,the suitability of five typical infiltration models in the red soil sloping farmland was evaluated.The results indicate:(1)There are significant differences in the soil infiltration rates and cumulative infiltration curves at different growth stages of crops.The soil infiltration process shows greater variations under RT and PM,while it remains relatively stable under CT and DT;(2)Overall,RT and PM exhibit higher initial infiltration rates with greater variations,whereas DT and CT show lower initial infiltration rates with smaller variations.The saturated hydraulic conductivity is ranked as follows CT>RT>PM>DT;(3)The initial infiltration rate under different tillage measures negatively correlates with soil bulk density and positively correlates with soil organic matter content.On the other hand,the steady-state infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity positively correlate with total nitrogen content in the soil;(4)All five infiltration models can effectively fit the soil infiltration process under different tillage measures in red soil sloping farmland.Among them,the Horton model demonstrates the best overall fitting performance.The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for rainwater runoff regulation and soil erosion control in red soil sloping farmland.

关 键 词：土壤入渗 耕作模式 红壤坡耕地 作物生育期 入渗模型 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学] S152.7[农业科学—农业基础科学]