2型糖尿病患者饮食行为依从性的潜在剖面分析及其影响因素研究  

Latent profile analysis of dietary behavior compliance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its influencing factors

作　　者：刘瑞杰 梁志金[2] 黄艳[2] 吴林梅 钟静静 LIU Ruijie;LIANG Zhijin;HUANG Yan;WU Linmei;ZHONG Jingjing(School of Nursing,Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Nanning 530200,Guangxi,China;Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Nanning 530011,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西中医药大学护理学院,广西南宁530200 [2]广西中医药大学附属瑞康医院,广西南宁530011

出　　处：《护士进修杂志》2024年第13期1423-1429,共7页Journal of Nurses Training

基　　金：广西壮族自治区中医药管理局自筹经费科研课题(编号:GZZC2020079)。

摘　　要：目的了解2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者饮食行为依从性的潜在类别特征,探索分析不同类别T2DM患者饮食行为依从性水平的影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法选取2022年10月-2023年5月在南宁市某三级甲等医院就诊的326例T2DM患者作为调查对象。使用一般资料调查表、T2DM患者饮食行为依从性测评量表、糖尿病知识调查问卷、糖尿病饮食健康信念问卷、社会支持评定量表进行调查。基于潜在剖面分析方法识别T2DM患者饮食行为依从性的潜在类别,并运用多元logistic回归分析不同类别的影响因素。结果T2DM患者饮食行为依从性表现出3种不同潜在类别,分别命名为高自控力-饮食均衡型组(35.9%)、中等自控力-低果蔬依从型组(18.4%)和低自控力-低油盐依从型组(45.7%);多元logistic回归分析结果显示:糖尿病饮食知识、糖尿病饮食健康信念、社会支持水平、糖尿病病程、BMI是T2DM患者饮食行为依从性的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论T2DM患者饮食行为依从性存在明显异质性,提示医护人员应早期辨识不同类别患者饮食行为依从性特征,并据此提供精准化的干预策略,以提高T2DM患者饮食行为依从性水平,实现优质饮食管理。Objective To understand the characteristics of potential categories of dietary behavior compliance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),and to explore and analyze the influencing factors of dietary behavior compliance in patients with T2DM.Methods A total of 326 patients with T2DM from October 2022 to May 2023 in a GradeⅢClass A hospital in Nanning were selected by convenience sampling.The general information questionnaire,the T2DM patients'dietary behavior compliance scale,the diabetes knowledge questionnaire,the diabetes diet health belief questionnaire,and the social support rating scale were used to investigate.Potential categories of dietary behavior compliance in T2DM patients were identified based on potential profile analysis,and multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of different categories.Results The compliance of dietary behavior in T2DM patients showed 3 different potential categories,which were named as high self-control-balanced diet group(35.9%),mediumself-control-low fruit and vegetable compliance group(18.4%),and low self-control-low oil and salt compliance group(45.7%).Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that diabetic diet knowledge,diabetic diet health belief,social support level,diabetes duration,and BMI were the influencing factors of dietary behavior compliance in T2DM patients(P<0.05).Conclusion There is significant heterogeneity in dietary behavior compliance of T2DM patients,and it is suggested that doctors and nurses should identify the characteristics of dietary behavior compliance in different categories of patients at an early stage and provide accurate intervention strategies accordingly,so as to improve the compliance level of diet behavior of T2DM patients and realize high-quality diet management.

关 键 词：2型糖尿病 饮食行为依从性 潜在剖面分析 护理 

分 类 号：R473.58[医药卫生—护理学] R587.1[医药卫生—临床医学]