不同施肥措施臭氧浓度升高对不同水稻品种光合特性的影响  

Effects of elevated ozone on the photosynthesis of different rice cultivars under different fertilization measures

作　　者：张涵 田彤彤 尚博[1,2] 冯兆忠 ZHANG Han;TIAN Tongtong;SHANG Bo;FENG Zhaozhong(School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink,China Meteorological Administration,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学生态与应用气象学院,南京210044 [2]中国气象局生态系统碳源汇重点开放实验室,南京210044

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第13期5583-5595,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金项目(42107270);国家自然科学基金面上项目(42377117)。

摘　　要：近地层臭氧(O_(3))已严重威胁到作物生产,而施肥可以调节土壤的养分平衡,进而促进作物生长。以两个水稻品种(徽两优898和南粳9108)为研究对象,利用开顶式气室,设置2个O_(3)浓度处理(NF:环境大气为对照;NF40:环境大气+40 nmol/mol O_(3)),每个O_(3)处理下嵌套设置3个肥料处理(Ino:施无机肥处理,270 kg N hm^(-2) a^(-1);Red:减施无机肥30%处理,189 kg N hm^(-2) a^(-1);Com:有机无机肥配施处理,Red+有机肥鸡粪5000 kg hm^(-2) a^(-1)),通过测定不同生育期水稻光合参数,探究不同肥料处理下O_(3)对水稻不同生育阶段光合生理的影响。结果表明,NF40对水稻营养生长阶段的饱和光合速率(A_(sat))没有显著影响,而显著地降低了水稻灌浆期的A_(sat)。基于两个水稻品种的A_(sat)和相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)相对减少量与O_(3)累积剂量关系的斜率,发现杂交稻徽两优898(A_(sat)和SPAD的斜率:-1.55和-0.98)比常规稻南粳9108(A_(sat)和SPAD的斜率:-0.92和0.06)对O_(3)更敏感。此外,基于不同O_(3)处理下水稻的气孔导度(g_(s))和胞间二氧化碳浓度(C_(i)),可以看出O_(3)造成南粳9108光合速率降低的主要是非气孔因素,而徽两优898光合的降低是由气孔因素和非气孔因素共同限制。与Ino处理相比,Red处理主要通过降低叶片SPAD进而显著地抑制两种水稻品种的A_(sat),但Ino处理和Com处理间A_(sat)没有显著差异,说明有机无机肥配施能部分缓解减施无机肥造成水稻光合的降低。O_(3)和肥料处理对两个水稻的所有光合参数都没有显著的交互影响,表明短期有机无机肥配施并不能有效缓解O_(3)对作物造成的负面影响。在O_(3)污染背景下,研究结果可以为通过合理的农田氮肥管理措施减缓O_(3)造成的作物减产提供理论依据。Ground-level ozone(O_(3)) has seriously threatened crop production in China,and the fertilization can regulate soil nutrient balance,thereby promoting crop growth.This study was conducted in open top chambers,using two O_(3) treatments(ambient air(NF) as control;ambient air+40 nmol/mol O_(3)(NF40)).Three fertilizer treatments were nested under each O_(3) treatment,including conventional application of inorganic fertilizer(Ino,270 kg N hm^(-2) a^(-1)),30% reduction of inorganic fertilizer(Red,189 kg N hm^(-2) a^(-1)),and combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer(Com,Red+5000 kg hm^(-2) a^(-1) chicken manure).The photosynthetic parameters of two rice cultivars(HLY898 and NJ9108) at different growth stages were measured,which mainly explored the effects of O_(3) on the photosynthetic and physiological processes of rice at different growth stages under different fertilizer treatments.The results showed that NF40 had no significant effect on the saturated photosynthetic rate(A_(sat)) during the vegetative growth stage of rice,but it significantly reduced the A_(sat) during the filling stage of rice.Based on the slopes of the relationship between the relative reduction of A_(sat) and SPAD of two rice cultivars with the O_(3) cumulative index,it was found that the hybrid rice cultivar HLY898(slopes of A_(sat) and SPAD:-1.55 and-0.98,respectively.) was more sensitive to O_(3) than the conventional rice cultivar NJ9108(slopes of A_(sat) and SPAD:-0.92 and 0.06,respectively.).In addition,based on the results for the stomatal conductance(g_(s)) and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(C_(i)) of rice under different O_(3) treatments,we found that the decrease photosynthesis caused by O_(3) in NJ9108 was mainly attributed to non-stomatal limitations,while the decrease in photosynthesis of HLY898 was limited by both stomatal and non-stomatal factors.Compared with the Ino treatment,the Red treatment significantly inhibited A_(sat) in the two rice cultivars by reducing leaf SPAD,but there was no significant differenc

关 键 词：臭氧 有机无机肥配施 水稻 光合生理 剂量关系 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]