意大利苍耳入侵对本地植物群落物种多样性和稳定性的影响——以乌鲁木齐市为例  

Effects of Xanthium italicum invasion on the diversity and stability of native plant communities:a case study of Urumqi,Xinjiang,China

作　　者：肖永康 何健霄 隋晓青[1] 蔡新斌 买尔燕古丽·阿不都热合曼 周一凡 阿马努拉·依明尼亚孜 XIAO Yongkang;HE Jianxiao;SUI Xiaoqing;CAI Xinbin;ABDURAHMAN Maryamgul;ZHOU Yifan;YIMINGNIYAZI Amanula(College of Grassland Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang of Academy of Forestry,Urumqi 830063,China;National Positioning Observation Station for Wetland Ecosystem of Bosteng Lake in Xinjiang,Bohu 841400,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Ecological Adaptation and Evolution of Extreme Environment Biology,College of Life Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆林科院森林生态研究所,乌鲁木齐830063 [3]新疆博斯腾湖湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,博湖841400 [4]新疆极端环境生物生态适应与进化重点实验室,新疆农业大学生命科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第13期5717-5725,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk0401);新疆森林、草原、湿地生态系统外来入侵野生植物普查项目(XJLCRQSW-3)。

摘　　要：研究外来植物不同程度入侵对区域群落结构和植物群落物种多样性的影响对评价其对生态系统的危害具有重要意义。以入侵植物以意大利苍耳(Xanthium italicum)为主要研究对象,选择意大利苍耳危害较明显且分布面积较大的中国新疆乌鲁木齐市米东区为研究区域进行植物样方调查,以意大利苍耳和其共生的本地植物为切入点,以物种多样性指数、群落稳定性、群落可入侵性、影响程度指数、入侵植物的竞争优势和入侵强度来探究不同入侵程度下的本地植物群落物种多样性和群落稳定性的变化。结果表明:(1)与未入侵地相比,意大利苍耳轻度入侵显著增加了本地植物群落的物种多样性(P<0.05),而重度入侵显著降低了本地植物群落的物种多样性(P<0.05)。(2)在意大利苍耳入侵的群落中,群落稳定性由轻度入侵水平到重度入侵水平降低了25%,而群落可入侵性、意大利苍耳的竞争优势指数和入侵强度指数分别增加了77%、79%和83%。(3)在轻度入侵水平下,意大利苍耳对本植物群落物种多样性、群落稳定性和群落物种数的影响程度指数<0,产生了积极影响;相反,在轻中度和重度入侵水平下意大利苍耳对本植物群落物种多样性、群落稳定性和群落物种数的影响程度指数>0,产生了负面影响。(4)本地植物群落多样性与群落稳定性均呈正相关,但与群落可入侵性呈负相关(P<0.05)。(5)Shannon-Wiener指数对群落的稳定性的直接通经系数最大,为0.828;Simpson′s指数对群落可入侵性的直接通经系数最大,为0.932。由此可见,意大利苍耳在中度和重度入侵对植物群落结构产生巨大影响,而作为“一带一路”的核心和枢纽地带的新疆,将会对其脆弱的生态系统和土著物种的多样性造成不可估量的影响。应在入侵初期对其进行控制与铲除,防止意大利苍耳等有害外来入侵种的入侵和进一步扩散与蔓延。Studying the impact of different degrees of invasive alien plants on regional community structure and plant species diversity is of great significance for evaluating their harm to ecosystems.Xanthium italicum is an invasive weed that is widely distributed in world.Its adaptability and competitive advantage over native species have led to agricultural loss and biodiversity reduction,yet its impact on local plant communities under different degrees of invasion has not been reported.In this study,we select the X.italicum as the main research object,the Midong District of Urumqi City,Xinjiang,China was selected as the research area for plant sampling investigation,which has obvious X.italicum hazards and a large distribution area.From the perspective of X.italicum and its symbiotic local plants,this study explored the changes in species diversity and community stability of local plant communities under different levels of invasion,using species diversity index,community stability,community invasibility,impact degree index,competitive advantage of invasive plants,and invasion intensity.The results showed that:(1) Compared with the uninvasive areas,the mild invasion of X.italicum significantly increased the species diversity of local plant communities(P<0.05),while severe invasion significantly reduced the species diversity of local plant communities(P<0.05).(2) In communities invaded by X.italicum,community stability decreased by 25% from low to heavy invasion levels,while the invasibility,competitive advantage index,and invasion intensity index of X.italicum increased by 77%,79%,and 83%,respectively.(3) At a low invasion level,the impact index of X.italicum on species diversity,community stability,and community species number of this plant community was <0,which had positive impact.Conversely,the impact index of X.italicum under low to moderate and heavy invasion levels on species diversity,community stability,and community species number of the plant community was >0,which resulted in negative impacts.(4) The divers

关 键 词：入侵植物 物种多样性 群落稳定性 群落可入侵性 入侵程度 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]