阿里斯托芬《云》中的诗性伦理与新智术之争  

The Debate Between Poetic Ethics and New Dialectic over Aristophanes’The Clouds

作　　者：庞燕宁[1] Pang Yanning

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学外国语学院

出　　处：《文学与文化》2024年第2期65-74,共10页Literature and Culture Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“古希腊谐剧世界观与安吉拉·卡特小说诗学研究”(项目编号:17BWW076)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：阿里斯托芬的谐剧《云》是一部应被纳入诗歌和哲学之争的诗学作品。该剧呈现出新舶来的智术对当时雅典传统伦理的冲击,雅典的启蒙论争就此开启。剧中运用谐摹手法虚构了哲学家苏格拉底的形象,这一人物被刻意塑造成新智术派的理性主义者、否定诗学伦理的论争对手。在剧中,阿里斯托芬用诗性伦理的视野照见了新智术的荒唐、愚蠢与悖谬,其中儿子打父亲、火烧苏格拉底思想所、“正理”与“歪理”之争等谐谑式场景,成为诗哲对决的经典闹场,让新智术在笑声中自暴其愚而自行瓦解,使观众得到诗性伦理的启蒙。尽管阿里斯托芬的思想无法改变逻各斯/理性主义在西方文化发展中的统领态势,但当欧洲理性主义危机显现之时,重返《云》这一诗哲对决的经典,可以启发当代人对回归诗性智慧的思考。Aristophanes’comedy The Clouds should be viewed as a piece of poetic works that often leads to the debate between poetry and philosophy.The play portrays the impact of the newly introduced dialectic from abroad on traditional Athenian ethics,hence the beginning of Athenian Enlightenment debate.It mimically depicts the philosopher Socrates as a caricatured rationalist,typical of the newfangled sophistical teachers,an opponent of poetic ethics.In the play,Aristophanes uses a poetic-ethical perspective to highlight the absurdity,foolishness,and contradictions of the new dialectic,with scenes such as a son beating his father,the burning of Socrates’The Thinkery and the argument between Just Discourse and Unjust Discourse.These satirical scenes become classic examples of the clash between poetry and philosophy,leading the new dialectic to self-destruction amidst laughter,and enlightening the audience with poetic ethics.While Aristophanes’ideas couldn’t change the dominance of logos/rationalism in Western cultural history,re-reading The Clouds in times of crisis for rationalism can inspire contemporary reflection on returning to poetic wisdom.

关 键 词：阿里斯托芬 《云》 诗性伦理 诡辩论 智术 

分 类 号：I545.073[文学—其他各国文学]