新疆野生阿魏菇复合群的种群结构及地理分布  

Population structure and geographical distribution of wild Awei mushroom compound group in Xinjiang

作　　者：田梦 贾文捷[2] 努尔孜亚·亚力买买提[2] 罗影[2] 贾培松[2,3] 倪志勇 TIAN Meng;JIA Wenjie;Nuerziya Yalimaimaiti;LUO Ying;JIA Peisong;NI Zhiyong(College of Life Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830091,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Oasis,Minsity of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China,Urumqi 830091,China;Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi,Ministry of Education,Jilin Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学生命科学学院,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]吉林农业大学食药用菌教育部工程研究中心,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2024年第4期996-1002,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2021D01A109);新疆维吾尔自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(KY2020109);现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-20)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究新疆野生阿魏菇复合群的种群组成、地理分布和自然保有量等,为野生阿魏菇资源保育和开发利用提供理论支撑。【方法】采用普查和样方调查相结合方法,采集新疆野生阿魏菇复合群资源,利用分子生物技术对收集菌株进行种类鉴定,运用统计学分析,阐明新疆野生阿魏菇复合群资源的种群组成、地理分布和自然保有量等。【结果】新疆野生阿魏菇复合群资源由白灵侧耳和阿魏侧耳两个种群组成,白灵侧耳为优势种群,占鉴定总数97.23%,阿魏侧耳为弱势种群,占鉴定总数的2.77%;野生白灵侧耳种群广泛分布在新疆石河子市、托里县、裕民县、额敏县、福海县、富蕴县和青河县等7个区域,而野生阿魏侧耳种群仅分布在托里县、裕民县和额敏县等3个区域;野生白灵侧耳资源自然保有量总体呈下降趋势,且各分布区差异明显,其中石河子市、托里县和额敏县下降幅度最大,样方内年度采集数量最低年份只有0~1株,保育形势严峻;野生阿魏侧耳资源自然保有量极少,5年内在3个分布区样方内仅采集到3株野生菌株,保育形势尤为严峻。【结论】新疆野生阿魏菇复合群由白灵侧耳和阿魏侧耳2个种群组成,白灵侧耳为优势种群,且为广布种;野生白灵侧耳和阿魏侧耳资源自然保有量总体均呈下降趋势。【Objective】To clarify the population composition,geographical distribution,and natural reserve of the composite population resources of wild Awei mushroom in Xinjiang in the hope of providing theoretical support for the conservation,development,and utilization of wild Awei Mushroom resources.【Methods】The regional investigation and collection of wild Awei mushroom compound group resources in Xinjiang were carried out by adopting the method of combining general survey and sample survey.The species of isolated strains were identified by molecular biotechnology.Combined with statistical analysis,the population composition,distribution area,and quantitative change trend of wild resources in Xinjiang were clarified.【Results】The wild Awei mushroom composite group resources in Xinjiang are composed of Pleurotus tuoliensis and P.eryngii var.ferulae.P.tuoliensis was the dominant population,accounting for 97.23%of the total identified,and P.eryngii var.ferulae was the weak population,accounting for 2.77%.The distribution areas of the wild P.tuoliensis resources in Xinjiang included Shihezi,Tuoli,Yumin,Emin,Fuhai,Fuyun and Qinghe,and the wild P.eryngii var.ferulae resource in Xinjiang was only distributed in Tuoli,Yumin,and Emin.The natural population of wild P.tuoliensis resources had a downward trend in general,and there were great differences in distribution areas,among them,Tuoli,Shihezi and Emin had the largest decline,and only 1 or 0 plant was collected when the annual collection quantity was the lowest in the sample area.【Conclusion】The wild Awei mushroom composite group resources in Xinjiang are composed of Pleurotus tuoliensis and P.eryngii var.ferulae.P.tuoliensis is the dominant population.The overall natural reserves of wild Pleurotus tuoliensis and P.eryngii var.ferulae are showing a downward trend.

关 键 词：阿魏菇复合群 白灵侧耳 阿魏侧耳 地理分布 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学] S188[农业科学—园艺学]