结核病蛋白亚单位疫苗佐剂研究进展  

Research progress in adjuvants for tuberculosis protein subunit vaccines

作　　者：周帅 牛红霞 Zhou Shuai;Niu Hongxia(Department of Pathogens and Immunology,School of Basic Medical Science,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University,Hangzhou 310053,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江中医药大学基础医学院病原生物与免疫学教研室,杭州310053

出　　处：《中华微生物学和免疫学杂志》2024年第6期489-500,共12页Chinese Journal of Microbiology and Immunology

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金面上项目(LY24H290004);国家自然科学基金青年基金(81701969)。

摘　　要：结核病是由结核分枝杆菌感染引起的全球传染病,是导致人类死亡的十大主要原因之一。卡介苗(BCG)是目前唯一临床应用的结核病疫苗,但其对成人结核病的保护作用不明确。在结核病新型疫苗中,蛋白亚单位疫苗因其成分明确、安全性高的特点,且具有强化BCG效应的优势,近年来备受关注。然而,亚单位结核病疫苗中的蛋白抗原所诱导的免疫应答较弱,通常需要佐剂辅助以增强其免疫效果。本综述旨在关注结核病疫苗新制剂中使用的各类佐剂(包括已进入临床试验阶段和尚处于临床前开发阶段的佐剂),对各类佐剂的优缺点及可应用性进行客观评价,并指出目前佐剂研究中存在的问题及未来的研究方向。Tuberculosis,a global infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection,ranks among the top ten causes of human death.The BCG vaccine is currently the only tuberculosis vaccine in clinical use,but its effectiveness in protecting adults from tuberculosis remains uncertain.In recent years,protein subunit vaccines have garnered significant attention due to their well-defined composition,high safety profile,and ability to enhance the BCG vaccine′s effects.However,the protein antigens in subunit tuberculosis vaccines typically elicit weak immune responses,necessitating the use of adjuvants to boost their immunogenicity.This review focuses on exploring various types of adjuvants utilized in novel tuberculosis vaccine formulations,ranging from those undergoing clinical trials to those still in preclinical development.The review provides an objective assessment of the advantages,disadvantages,and suitability of different adjuvants,while also highlighting current challenges in adjuvant research and proposing future research directions.

关 键 词：结核病 亚单位疫苗 佐剂 中药佐剂 

分 类 号：R392[医药卫生—免疫学]