基于Ecopath模型的鄱阳湖生态系统“十年禁渔”效果评估  

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS ON"10-YEAR FISHING BAN"IN POYANG LAKE ECOSYSTEM BASED ON ECOPATH MODEL

作　　者：杨舒帆 叶少文[1] 徐军[1] 黎明政[1] 刘焕章[1] YANG Shu-Fan;YE Shao-Wen;XU Jun;LI Ming-Zheng;LIU Huan-Zhang(The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,中国科学院水生生物多样性与保护重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2024年第8期1402-1413,I0004-I0010,共19页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划(2023BCB039和2021BBA088);国家自然科学基金(32201425);知识创新专项-基础研究项目(2022020801010141)资助。

摘　　要：基于渔业资源调查数据构建了鄱阳湖禁渔前后(2018和2021年)的生态系统Ecopath模型,比较了两个时期生态系统规模、食物网及营养结构、能量流动、系统稳定性等特征的变化,以评估"十年禁渔"措施的效果。结果表明:在"十年禁渔"政策实施后,鄱阳湖生态系统规模扩大了8.07%,总生物量增加了35.7%;生态系统的能量与物质转换效率由10.7%增长到11.3%,能够恢复到1998年水平;生态系统成熟度、稳定性增强;食物网的高营养指标从28.6%增长到35.7%,食物链长度从3.63增长到3.86。综上所述,禁渔之后鄱阳湖生态系统规模扩大,各功能组间的营养交互关系变强,生态系统的物质流转速度和物质再循环的比例升高,复杂性、稳定性和成熟度增加,表明"十年禁渔"政策已取得明显成效。Based on fishery resource survey data,Ecopath models were constructed before and after the fishing ban in Poyang Lake(2018 and 2021)to evaluate the effectiveness of the"10-Year Fishing Ban"'policy on ecosystem.Comparisons were made regarding differences in ecosystem scale,food web and nutrient structure,energy flow characteristics,and system stability between the two periods.The results indicate a notable expansion in the scale of the ecosystem by 8.07%,accompanied by a substantial increase in total biomass by 35.7%.Moreover,the energy and material transfer efficiency of the ecosystem experienced an improvement from 10.7%to 11.3%,which is close to the historical level of 1998(11%).Furthermore,there was an enhancement in ecosystem maturity and stability.The high nutritional index of the food web increased from 28.6%to 35.7%,while the length of the food chain increased from 3.63 to 3.86.In summary,following the fishing ban,the Poyang Lake ecosystem exhibited increased complexity,stability,and maturity,with stronger nutritional interactions among various functional groups.The speed of material circulation and the proportion of material recycling in the ecosystem also increased,indicating that the"10-Year Fishing Ban"policy has achieved significant positive outcomes.

关 键 词：鄱阳湖 十年禁渔 ECOPATH 生态系统结构与功能 渔业管理 

分 类 号：S932.2[农业科学—渔业资源]