基于动态采光模拟的铁路站房优化设计  

Optimization Design of Railway Station Buildings Based on Dynamic Daylighting Simulation

作　　者：刘承桦 薛秋生 王鑫 LIU Chenghua;XUE Qiusheng;WANG Xin(China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an Shaanxi 710043,China;Xi’an-Chengdu Railway Passenger Dedicated Line Shaanxi Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an Shaanxi 710043,China;Engineering Management Center,China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100844,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司,陕西西安710043 [2]西成铁路客运专线陕西有限责任公司,陕西西安710043 [3]中国国家铁路集团有限公司工程管理中心,北京100844

出　　处：《铁路技术创新》2024年第4期127-132,共6页Railway Technical Innovation

摘　　要：铁路站房具有空间大、客流量大、不间断运行等特点,使得站房存在大量照明能耗,有效利用天然采光不仅有助于提升室内舒适度,还能帮助建筑降低照明能耗。以安康西站为研究对象,探讨不同方案阶段下的铁路站房动态采光效果,研究使用参数化软件Rhino进行建模,采用sDA指标用于衡量天然采光的时间和空间占比;使用UDI100—2 000,50%衡量有效天然光照度的时间和空间满足情况,以全面评估站房采光性能。发现原始方案采光设计存在候车厅局部照度不足和整体采光均匀度较低、优化方案使用侧面幕墙采光+天窗采光存在区域照度过大等问题;提出在候车厅中部设置天窗,改善采光均匀度,同时增大侧式站房立面的窗墙比。从sDA指标衡量虽未有明显提升,但可以明显提升高架候车区域的舒适照度时间。Railway station buildings are characterized by expansive spaces,high passenger flow volumes,and continuous operation,resulting in significant lighting energy consumption within these buildings.Leveraging natural daylighting efficiently not only enhances indoor comfort but also helps in reducing the lighting energy consumption of the buildings.This study focuses on Ankangxi Railway Station to explore the dynamic daylighting effects of railway station buildings at various stages.The research used the parametric software Rhino for modeling and utilized the sDA index to measure the duration and spatial proportion of natural daylighting.Moreover,the UDI100-2000,50%was used to evaluate the duration and spatial satisfaction levels of effective natural illuminance,offering a comprehensive assessment of the daylighting performance of station buildings.The study revealed issues with the original daylighting design,including inadequate local illumination and poor overall daylighting uniformity in the waiting hall.In the optimization design employing side curtain wall lighting and skylight lighting,there emerged problems such as excessive regional illuminance.Therefore,the study proposed installing skylights in the center of the waiting hall to enhance daylighting uniformity and increasing the windowto-wall ratio of the side station building facade.While there is no significant enhancement as indicated by the sDA index,the comfortable illuminance duration in the elevated waiting area is substantially improved.

关 键 词：铁路站房 动态采光模拟 天然采光 安康西站 

分 类 号：TU248[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]