土壤水分对不同抗旱性春小麦品种叶片保护性酶活性及产量的影响  

Effects of soil moisture on leaf protective enzyme activities and yield of spring wheat cultivars with different drought resistance

作　　者：张宏芝[1] 王立红 时佳 孔德鹏 王重[1] 高新[1] 李剑峰[1] 王春生 夏建强[1] 樊哲儒[1] 张跃强[1] ZHANG Hongzhi;WANG Lihong;SHI Jia;KONG Depeng;WANG Zhong;GAO Xin;LI Jianfeng;WANG Chunsheng;XIA Jianqiang;FAN Zheru;ZHANG Yueqiang(Key Laboratory of Oasis-Desert Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation of Agricultural Ministry/Xinjiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Crop Chemical Regulation/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology/Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Master Station of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所/农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/新疆作物化学调控工程技术研究中心/新疆农作物生物技术重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区农业技术推广总站,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2024年第5期1041-1047,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区天山青年计划-杰出青年科技人才培养项目“新疆高产春小麦品种节水机制的生理生态学基础研究”(2020Q009);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项子课题“新疆小麦生产气象灾害防控关键技术研究与集成示范”(2022B02001-3)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究土壤水分对不同抗旱性春小麦品种叶片保护性酶活性及产量的影响,为选育春小麦抗旱品种及制定节水高产措施提供理论依据。【方法】在大田条件下,以抗旱性较强的品种新春46号、抗旱性中等的品种新春37号、抗旱性较弱的品种新春26号为材料,设置3种水分处理,研究土壤水分对不同抗旱性春小麦品种旗叶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量及产量的影响。【结果】随着水分亏缺程度的加剧,春小麦旗叶SOD、CAT活性在扬花期呈升高的趋势,而在灌浆期则呈先升高后降低的趋势;POD活性在扬花期呈先升高后降低的趋势,灌浆期则呈升高的趋势;MDA含量呈升高的趋势;SOD、POD活性表现为抗旱性较强的品种新春46号>抗旱性中等的品种新春37号>抗旱性较弱的品种新春26号,MDA活性在春小麦品种间则呈相反的趋势。收获穗数、穗粒数和产量均随着水分亏缺程度的加剧而降低,抗旱性较强的品种新春46号在有限灌溉和亏缺灌溉处理下,其收获穗数和穗粒数降低幅度小于新春37号和新春26号,且产量高于新春37号和新春26号。【结论】抗旱性较强的品种新春46号在有限灌溉和亏缺灌溉条件下,旗叶SOD、POD酶活性较高,MDA含量较低,活性氧清除能力较强,有效延缓了小麦植株的衰老,收获穗数和穗粒数较抗旱性中等的新春37号和抗旱性较弱的新春26号下降幅度低,在水分亏缺条件下有利于获得较高的产量。【Objective】To study the effects of soil moisture on the yield of protective enzyme active agent in different drought-resistant varieties in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the breeding of drought-resistant spring wheat varieties.【Methods】Under field conditions,Xinchun 46 with strong drought resistance,Xinchun 37 with medium drought resistance and Xinchun 26 with weak drought resistance were used as experimental materials to study the effects of soil moisture on SOD,POD,CAT activities,MDA content and yield of flag leaves of spring wheat varieties with different drought resistance.【Results】With the increase of water deficit,the activities of SOD and CAT in flag leaves of wheat increased at flowering stage,and first increased and then decreased at filling stage.POD activity increased at flowering stage and then decreased,and increased at grout stage.MDA content showed an increasing trend.The SOD and POD activity of drought-resistant cultivar Xinchun 46>drought-resistant medium cultivar Xinchun 37>drought-resistant weak cultivar Xinchun 26 showed an opposite trend among varieties.The harvest panicle number,grain number per ear and yield decreased with the increase of water deficit.The harvest panicle number and grain number per ear of Xinchun 46 with strong drought resistance decreased less than those of Xinchun 37 and Xinchun 26 under limited irrigation and deficit irrigation,and the yield of Xinchun 46 under water deficit was higher than those of the other two varieties.【Conclusion】Under the condition of limited irrigation and deficit irrigation,the flag leaves of Xinchun 46 with strong drought resistance had higher SOD and POD enzyme activities,lower MDA content,and stronger active oxygen scavenging ability,which effectively delayed the senility of wheat plants.Compared with the cultivars with moderate drought resistance and weak drought resistance,the number of harvested ears and grain per ear decreased less,which was conducive to higher yield under the condition of water deficit.

关 键 词：春小麦 土壤水分 抗旱性品种 保护性酶活性 产量 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]