不同种植密度对中棉113农艺性状及产量的影响  

Effects of different planting densities on agronomic traits and yield of Zhongmian 113

作　　者：董祯林 万素梅[1] 熊世武 马云珍 毛廷勇 杨北方 骆磊 刘超群 陈国栋[1] 李亚兵[2] DONG Zhenlin;WAN Sumei;XIONG Shiwu;MA Yunzhen;MAO Tingyong;YANG Beifang;LUO Lei;LIU Chaoqun;CHEN Guodong;LI Yabing(College of Agriculture,Tarim University,Aral Xinjing 843300,China;State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology,Cotton Research Institute/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Anyang Henan 455000,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物学国家重点实验室,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2024年第5期1102-1111,共10页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“棉花轻简高效栽培技术集成与示范”(2020YFD1001005);新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才项目(2021);塔里木大学校长基金团队项目“棉花遗传改良与栽培创新研究团队”(TDZKCX202309)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同种植密度对棉花品种中棉113农艺性状、产量及纤维品质等影响,为确定机采模式下中棉113适宜的种植密度提供参考。【方法】以中棉113为供试品种,设置6种密度处理,分别为9×10^(4)株/hm^(2)(D_(1))、12×10^(4)株/hm^(2)(D_(2))、15×10^(4)株/hm^(2)(D_(3))、18×10^(4)株/hm^(2)(D_(4))、21×10^(4)株/hm^(2)(D_(5))和24×10^(4)株/hm^(2)(D_(6)),分析机采模式下不同种植密度对中棉113生长发育、棉铃空间分布、干物质积累及产量的影响。【结果】中棉113株高、茎粗随着种植密度的增大而降低;叶面积指数均在苗后88 d(8月1日左右)达到峰值,其中D_(5)处理最高,为4.1;随着种植密度的增加,棉铃脱落的果枝高度逐渐由第2果节和3果节向第1果节靠拢,同时棉株上部和下部的两个脱落高频区向中部果枝靠拢。棉铃着生趋向棉株内侧靠拢,吐絮铃主要着生在棉株下部。棉花营养器官干物质积累量随着密度的增加呈先增加后减小的趋势,而生殖器官干物质积累量则随着密度的增加而增加。籽棉产量上D_(5)处理最高,为5217.83 kg/hm^(2),与D_(4)处理差异不显著,较D_(1)、D_(2)、D_(3)、D_(6)处理均存在显著差异。【结论】合理密植有利于促进棉花生长发育,机采棉在1膜6行(66 cm+10 cm)机采模式、种植密度21×10^(4)株/hm^(2)(D_(5))时,有利于中棉113获取较高的产量。【Objective】To study the effects of different planting densities on the agronomic traits,yield and fiber quality of CCM 113 and determine the suitable planting density of CCM 113 under machine harvesting mode.【Methods】In this experiment,6 density treatments were set up with China Cotton 113 as the test variety:9×10^(4) plants/hm^(2)(D_(1)),12×10^(4) plants/hm^(2)(D_(2)),15×10^(4) plants/hm^(2)(D_(3)),18×10^(4) plants/hm^(2)(D_(4)),21×10^(4) plants/hm^(2)(D_(5))and 24×10^(4) plants/hm^(2)(D_(6))to study the effects of different planting densities on their growth and development,boll spatial distribution,dry matter accumulation and yield under the traditional machine harvesting mode.【Results】Zhongmian113 plant height and stem thickness decreased with increasing planting density;leaf area index reached its peak around 88 days after seedling(around August 1),with the highest in D_(5) treatment at 4.1;with increasing planting density,the height of fruiting branches shed by cotton boll gradually approached from the 2nd and 3rd fruiting nodes to the 1st fruiting node,while the two shedding HF areas in the upper and lower parts of the cotton plant approached to the middle fruiting branches.The cotton boll tended to be borne in the inner part of the cotton plant,and the spitting boll was mainly borne in the lower part of the cotton plant.The dry matter accumulation of nutritional organs of cotton tended to increase and then decrease with the increase of density,while the dry matter accumulation of reproductive organs increased with the increase of density.The seed cotton yield was the highest in D_(5) treatment with 5217.83 kg/hm^(2),which was not significantly different from D_(4) treatment and significantly different from D_(1),D_(2),D_(3) and D_(6) treatments.【Conclusion】Reasonably dense planting is conducive to the cotton plant to make full use of natural resources and promote growth and development.In a film six-row(66 cm+10 cm)machine picking mode,planting density at 21×10^(4) plants/hm^(2)(D_(

关 键 词：棉花 种植密度 农艺性状 产量 纤维品质 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]