不同覆盖模式与补充灌溉对花生光合特性及干物质积累速率的影响  

Effects of different mulching patterns and supplementary irrigation on peanut photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation

作　　者：施俊杰 侯献飞 于月华[1] 李强[2] 苗昊翠[2] 贾东海[2] 顾元国[2] 汪天玲 SHI Junjie;HOU Xianfei;YU Yuehua;LI Qiang;MIAO Haocui;JIA Donghai;GU Yuanguo;WANG Tianling(College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Institute of Economic Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2024年第5期1122-1130,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项“油料作物种质资源收集与优异基因挖掘关键技术研究”(2022A03004-4);新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才项目(2021-2023年);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-13)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同覆盖模式与补充灌溉对花生干物质积累速率、光合特性及品质的影响。【方法】以花生品种冀花18(半匍匐型)和花育9610(直立型)为供试材料,设置无膜限制灌水(T_(1))、无膜中等灌水(T_(2))、无膜充分灌水(T_(3))和有膜充分灌水(T_(4))4个处理,分析不同处理下花生光合特性及品质的差异,制定适宜的组合模式。【结果】花育9610生育前期的土壤含水率T_(4)较T_(1)处理高3.26%,冀花18 T_(4)较T_(1)处理高3.63%;相同处理下,冀花18土壤含水量高于花育9610。T_(4)处理下花生干物质积累速率显著高于其他处理,与T_(1)~T_(3)处理相比,成熟期花育9610干物质积累速率地下部分别提高了0.6%、0.5%和0.3%,地上部分别提高了34.4%、17.9%和4.2%;冀花18干物质积累速率地下部分别提高了1.2%、0.8%和0.2%,地上部分别提高54.9%、37.2%和27.3%。相同处理下冀花18的蛋白质含量、含油量、油酸含量均高于花育9610;无膜处理下花育9610各类指标随着水分的增加而提高。【结论】T_(4)处理下花生各指标最佳。冀花18作为半匍匐型花生,能够增加地表覆盖面积,减少水分的蒸发,有利于提高土壤含水量,增加植株干物质积累,提高花生光合速率及品质。半匍匐型花生在无膜栽培模式下综合性状指标相对较优。【Objective】To study the effects of different mulching patterns and supplementary irrigation on soil water content,dry matter accumulation rate,photosynthesis and quality of peanut.【Methods】Jihua 18(semi-prostrate-type)and Huayu 9610(erect type)peanuts were taken as test materials to set limited irrigation without film(T_(1)),medium irrigation without film(T_(2)),full irrigation without film(T_(3)),full irrigation with film(T_(4)),then tp analyze the photosynthetic characteristics and quality differences of peanuts under different treatments,and finally formulate a suitable combination model.【Results】The soil water content of peanut in T_(4)treatment was the highest.The soil water content of Huayu 9610 in T_(4)treatment was 3.26%higher than that in T_(1)treatment at the early growth stage,and that of Jihua 18 T_(4)was 3.63%higher than that in T_(1)treatment;under the same treatment,the soil water content of Jihua 18 was higher than that of Huayu 9610.The dry matter growth rate of peanut under T_(4)treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments.Compared with T_(1)-T_(3)treatment,the underground growth rate of Huayu 9610 increased by 0.6%,0.5%,0.3%,and the aboveground growth rate increased by 34.4%,17.9%,4.2%respectively at maturity;The underground growth rate of Jihua 18 increased by 1.2%,0.8%and 0.2%,and the aboveground growth rate increased by 54.9%,37.2%and 27.3%,respectively.The protein,oil content and oleic acid content of Jihua 18 were higher than those of Huayu 9610 under the same treatment;All kinds of indexes of Huayu 9610 increased with the increase of water content under no film treatment.【Conclusion】T_(4)treatment is beneficial to increase soil water content,dry matter accumulation,photosynthetic rate and quality of peanut.However,under the condition of film free cultivation,Jihua 18(semi-prostrate-type)can increase the surface coverage area,reduce water evaporation,and maintain a higher soil moisture content and dry matter accumulation rate compared with Huayu 9610(ere

关 键 词：花生 覆盖模式 补充灌溉 干物质积累 光合特性 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]