调亏灌溉对滴灌核桃树根系空间分布特征的影响  

Study on spatial distribution characteristics of walnut root system under regulated deficit drip irrigation

作　　者：刘钧庆 梁国成 张欣 王庆勇 赵经华[1,2] LIU Junqing;LIANG Guocheng;ZHANG Xin;WANG Qingyong;ZHAO Jinghua(School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy Engineering Safety and Water Disaster Prevention and Control,Urumqi 830052,China;Construction Bureau of Urumqi Economic and Technological Development Zone(Toutunhe District),Urumqi 830026,China;Xinjiang Erqi River Investment and Development(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]乌鲁木齐经济技术开发区(头屯河区)建设局,乌鲁木齐830026 [4]新疆额尔齐斯河投资开发(集团)有限公司,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2024年第5期1160-1171,共12页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2022277060)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析小于2 mm的根系滴灌核桃有效吸水根系分布特性,建立有效根长密度函数,研究不同调亏灌溉对核桃树根系空间分布特性,为滴灌核桃精准调亏灌溉提供理论依据。【方法】以14年生温185核桃树为试材,采用30 cm×20 cm×20 cm的分段分层法,取样分析有效吸水根系(d<2 mm)分布特征,研究调亏灌溉对滴灌核桃树有效根系空间分布的影响。【结果】在不同调亏灌溉处理中,W_(0)、W_(3)、W_(4)的核桃树有效总根长分布总体变化趋势表现为单峰曲线,且各个调亏处理在20~40 cm有效总根长最大,分别为50959、74067、55678 cm。不同处理下垂直方向根长密度一维符合指数分布,且水平方向根长密度符合多项式分布。W_(0)、W_(3)、W_(4)各处理有效根长均表现出土层深度在20~40 cm,在距离核桃树行向30~60 cm处最大,分别为11794、22753、14119 cm。【结论】不同调亏灌溉处理下,滴灌核桃树根系有效生长密度表现为W_(3)>W_(4)>W_(0),调亏滴灌灌溉模式使核桃吸水根系更靠近地表生长。【Objective】this paper mainly aims to analyze the distribution characteristics of effective root length less than 2 mm and establish the density function of effective root length to reveal the spatial distribution characteristics of walnut roots under different regulated deficit irrigation.【Methods】The effect of Regulated Deficit Drip Irrigation on the spatial distribution of effective root system of walnut tree was studied by excavating the pre-set small soil block(30×20×20)cm by using 14-year-old Wen 185 walnut tree as test material.【Results】It was found that the total effective root length distribution of walnut trees in W_(0),W_(3) and W_(4) showed a single peak curve in different deficit regulation drip irrigation treatments,and the total effective root length of each deficit regulation treatment was the largest at 20-40 cm,which were 50,959,74,067 and 55,678 cm,respectively.Based on the one-dimensional effective root length density distribution of walnut trees,it was concluded that the root length density of different treatments at different soil depths conformed to exponential distribution,and the root length density of different treatments at different horizontal distances from walnut trees accorded with polynomial distribution.According to the two-dimensional effective root length density distribution of walnut trees,whether it was the change of effective root length along the row direction with the depth of soil layer or the change of effective root length along the plant direction with the depth of soil layer,W_(0),W_(3) and W_(4) treatments all showed that the depth of soil layer was 20-40 cm,and the maximum was 30-60 cm away from the row direction of walnut trees,which was 11,794,22,753 and 14,119 cm.【Conclusion】The effects of different Regulated Deficit Drip Irrigation Treatments on the spatial distribution of walnut roots are as follows:root growth of W_(3)>root growth of W_(4)>root growth of W_(0).

关 键 词：核桃树 调亏灌溉 有效吸水根系 空间分布 

分 类 号：S664[农业科学—果树学]