我国民族人口国家通用语言能力现状、影响因素及对策建议  

Current Situation,Influence Factors and Suggestions of the Standard Chinese Language Ability with Ethnic Population in China

作　　者：梅自颖 吕利丹[1,2] MEI Zi-ying;LV Li-dan(School of Population and Health,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Research Base for Forging the Sense of Community for Chinese Nation,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学人口与健康学院,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究院,北京100872

出　　处：《北方民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第4期112-121,共10页Journal of North Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国少数民族人口迁移流动与民族互嵌格局形成研究”(20&ZD172)。

摘　　要：推广和普及国家通用语言是铸牢中华民族共同体意识的重要途径。基于中国民族地区经济社会住户调查和中国综合社会调查数据的研究发现:各民族人口的国家通用语言能力均呈上升趋势,并且民族间的语言能力差距缩小;国家通用语言能力受个体、家庭、学校和社交网络的综合影响,受教育程度、居住安排、家庭经济状况、寄宿、流动经历、互联网使用是正向预测因素,同胞数量和“汉少”双语授课是负向预测因素;民族身份与个体的国家通用语言能力紧密关联,父代族际通婚家庭子女比非族际通婚家庭子女的普通话听说能力和汉字读写能力更好。全面加强国家通用语言教育,要在民族地区积极推广普通话和汉字,充分利用个体语言发展的关键期,保障各民族家庭子女掌握交流互通的语言工具。Promoting and popularizing the standard Chinese language is an important way to forge the sense of com-munity for Chinese nation.Based on the data of CHES and CGSS,it is found that the standard Chinese language ability of all ethnic groups is on the rise,and the gap of language ability between ethnic groups is narrowing.The formation of na-tional lingua franca ability is influenced by individuals,families,schools and communities.Education level,living arrange-ment,family economic status,boarding,mobility experience and Internet use are positive predictors,while the number of compatriots and bilingual teaching are negative predictors.Ethnic identity is closely related to individual’s standard Chi-nese language ability,and children of interracial marriage of parents are significantly better than those of non-interracial marriage.We should comprehensively strengthen the education of standard Chinese language,actively promote Mandarin and Chinese characters in ethnic minority areas,make full use of the critical period of individual language development,and ensure that children of all ethnic families master common language tools for communication.

关 键 词：中华民族共同体意识 国家通用语言 民族身份 语言关键期 

分 类 号：H102[语言文字—汉语]