稀土元素对钢中夹杂物和组织影响的研究进展  

Research progress on effects of rare earth treatment on inclusions and microstructure in steel

作　　者：冯广乾 乔琦 宋焱 任磊 杨吉春[1] FENG Guangqian;QIAO Qi;SONG Yan;REN Lei;YANG Jichun(School of Materials and Metallurgy,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou 014010,China;Beijing Junyou Integrity Testing and Certification Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100861,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古科技大学材料与冶金学院,包头014010 [2]北京军友诚信检测认证有限公司,北京100861

出　　处：《江西冶金》2024年第4期234-245,共12页Jiangxi Metallurgy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区项目(52264045);2023年度青年科技人才发展项目(青年科技英才)(NJYT23117);2022年内蒙古科技大学基本科研业务费(0406082229)。

摘　　要：本文归纳总结了稀土元素对钢中夹杂物和组织的影响。大量研究发现,稀土元素可以改性钢中非金属夹杂物,在炼钢过程中加入适量La、Ce、Y等稀土元素会与钢液中O、S等元素迅速地结合生成稀土氧化物、稀土硫化物和稀土氧硫化物。与钢中典型夹杂物相比,此类稀土夹杂物形状较规则、尺寸较小且呈弥散分布,对钢基体连续性影响较小,降低了夹杂物作为裂纹源引发钢材断裂的概率。稀土元素对钢中组织也有一定的改善作用,稀土元素加入钢液后,会与其他元素发生反应,实现微合金化,从而净化晶界、细化晶粒,有利于提高钢的强度、韧性和抗拉等力学性能。因此,在钢中合理添加稀土元素对提升钢品质具有重要作用。The effects of rare earth treatment on inclusions and microstructure in steel are summarized in this paper.A large number of studies have found that rare earth treatment can modify non-metallic inclusions in steel,and adding an appropriate amount of rare earth elements such as La,Ce and Y in the steelmaking process will quickly combine with the elements such as O and S in steel to produce rare earth oxides,rare earth sulfides and rare earth oxygen sulfides.Compared with typical inclusions in steel,these inclusions are more regular in shape,smaller in size and dispersed,which have less influence on the continuity of steel matrix and reduce the probability of steel fracture caused by inclusions as a crack initiation factor.Rare earth treatment also has a certain role in improving the structure of steel,and rare earth elements added to steel will react with other elements to achieve micro-alloying,thus purifying grain boundaries,refining grains,and improving the strength,toughness and tensile tensile properties of steel.Therefore,the rational use of rare earths in steel has an important role in improving the quality of steel.

关 键 词：稀土 夹杂物 组织 力学性能 稀土钢 

分 类 号：TG146.45[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]