从事博士后工作的行为意向及其影响机制研究  

Research on Behavioral Intention to Engage in Postdoctoral Work and its Influencing Mechanism

作　　者：马银琦 毋磊 姚昊 MA Yinqi;WU Lei;YAO Hao

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学浙江省哲学社会科学重点培育研究基地教育改革与发展研究院 [2]浙江师范大学教育学院,金华321004 [3]华东师范大学教育学部,上海200062 [4]同济大学高等教育研究所

出　　处：《大学教育科学》2024年第4期46-57,共12页University Education Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“一流大学参与世界重要人才中心和创新高地建设机制研究”(23CGL060)。

摘　　要：博士后人员是高校青年教师队伍中活跃的生力军,伴随招收规模的不断扩大,博士从事博士后工作的行为意向问题越来越受到关注。对我国高校在读博士和未经历博士后工作的青年博士开展问卷调查与质性访谈发现,大多数博士对从事博士后工作有一定意向,但未形成明确的行为计划;从事博士后工作的行为态度受到感知学术需求和感知现实收益的正向显著影响,受到感知成本和感知风险的负向显著影响;行为意向受行为态度、主观规范和行为控制的正向显著性影响,受主观规范的影响程度最高;行为意向在行为控制与行为计划之间发挥中介作用;不同学科背景与学业阶段的博士在行为意向影响机制上有显著差异。据此,未来应采取以下措施优化博士后制度:完善博士后招录机制和相应配套支持措施,减轻博士对从事博士后工作成本与风险的担忧;建立健全博士后分类制度,依据学科分类等标准实施相应资助与评价考核;加强对博士群体的学术生涯指导和职业规划,引导其充分发挥自主性,避免盲目从众。Postdoctoral researchers are an active force among young teachers in universities.With the continuous expansion of recruitment scale,the behavioral intention of PhD graduates to engage in postdoctoral work has attracted more and more attention.This study conducted surveys and qualitative interviews with PhD candidates and young PhDs in China who have not yet undertaken postdoctoral work.The findings reveal that while most PhDs show some intention to pursue postdoctoral positions,they lack clear behavioral plans.The attitude toward postdoctoral work is significantly positively influenced by perceived academic demand and perceived tangible benefits,and negatively influenced by perceived costs and risks.Behavioral intention is significantly positively influenced by attitude,subjective norms,and perceived behavioral control,with subjective norms having the highest impact.Behavioral intention mediates between perceived behavioral control and behavioral plans.There are significant differences in the mechanisms affecting behavioral intentions among PhD students with different disciplinary backgrounds and academic stages.Based on these findings,recommendations include improving the recruitment mechanisms and supporting measures to alleviate doctoral concerns about the costs and risks of engaging in postdoctoral work,establishing a comprehensive classification system for postdoctoral roles with corresponding funding and evaluation criteria,and enhancing academic career guidance and professional planning for PhD students to encourage autonomy and prevent herd behavior.

关 键 词：博士后 行为意向 行为计划理论 影响机制 博士后制度 政策建议 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]