N-烷基化反应研究进展  

Research Progress in N-Alkylation Reaction

作　　者：王旭[1] 梁西良[1] 王文博[1] WANG Xu;LIANG Xiliang;WANG Wenbo(Institute of Petrochemistry,Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省科学院石油化学研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《化学与粘合》2024年第4期402-404,共3页Chemistry and Adhesion

摘　　要：N-烷基化反应是在N原子上引入饱和、不饱和取代基团的烷基的一类重要反应。N-烷基化合物在药物、染料、表面活性剂等领域有广泛的应用。常用的烷基化试剂有醇、卤代烷、酯、烯烃、醛和酮、环氧乙烷等。根据烷基化试剂的分类,介绍了近年来N-烷基化反应取得的研究成果,醇类烷基化试剂需要活性较高的胺才能完成反应;卤代烷类烷基化试剂的活性比醇类强,可以使太活泼的胺基发生烷基化反应;酯类烷基化试剂在烷基化反应时只有一个烷基参加反应;烯烃类烷基化试剂和环氧类烷基化试剂的烷基化反应是通过双键的加成实现的。N-alkylation reaction is an important type of reaction in which the saturated and unsaturated substituent groups are introduced onto N atoms to form alkyl groups.The N-alkyl compounds have a wide range of applications in the fields such as pharmaceuticals,dyes and surfactants.Commonly used alkylation reagents include alcohols,haloalkanes,esters,olefins,aldehydes,ketones and ethylene oxide.The research achievements of N-alkylation reactions in recent years based on the classification of alkylation reagents are introduced.The alcohol type alkylation reagents need amine with high activity to complete the reaction.The activity of halogenated alkyl type alkylation reagents is stronger than that of alcohols,which can cause the alkylation reactions of overly active amine groups.The ester type alkylation reagents only have one alkyl group participating in the alkylation reaction.The alkylation reaction of alkene type alkylation reagents or epoxy type alkylation reagents is achieved through the addition of double bonds respectively.

关 键 词：N-烷基化 醇 氯代烷 酯 环氧乙烷 

分 类 号：O621.3[理学—有机化学]