全氟/多氟烷基化合物淡水生物水质基准研究现状与展望  

Research Status and Prospects of Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Freshwater Organisms for Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

作　　者：姬元朴 王晓蕾 王芮 王佳宇 赵晓丽[1] 吴丰昌[1] JI Yuanpu;WANG Xiaolei;WANG Rui;WANG Jiayu;ZHAO Xiaoli;WU Fengchang(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;College of Environment and Ecology,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]江南大学环境与生态学院,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第7期1592-1603,共12页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2022YFC3204800);国家自然科学基金项目(No.42394152,42394154)。

摘　　要：全氟/多氟烷基化合物(PFASs)是指一个或多个碳链上的氢原子被氟原子部分或完全取代的一类化合物。已有大量研究表明PFASs在水环境中污染严重,并会对水生生物造成发育毒性、神经毒性、生殖毒性、内分泌干扰效应等危害。目前美国、澳大利亚、加拿大、欧盟等国家或地区针对全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)两种传统的PFASs已经发布了淡水生物水质基准,为深入了解PFASs淡水生物水质基准的研究现状以及在基准制定过程中面临的挑战,本研究系统总结了各国家或地区PFOA和PFOS的淡水生物水质基准阈值,对比分析了不同国家或地区在物种选择、数据来源、基准推导方法等方面的差异。结果表明,各国家或地区水质基准阈值存在较大差异,在2~6个数量级之间,究其原因主要是:①不同国家或地区选择的受试物种差异较大,涵盖的分类群不同。②PFASs毒性效应繁多、实验设计缺乏统一标准,导致不同研究结果之间存在较大差异,且各国家或地区对是否采用某一实验毒性数据的标准不同。③使用急慢性比率外推得到的慢性毒性数据具有较高的不确定性。④各国家或地区推导PFASs水质基准的方法不同。研究显示,目前PFASs淡水生物水质基准仍然面临管控物质单一、基础毒性数据不足、生物累积性影响不明、混合效应影响不明、基准推导方法不确定等挑战。为了更好地保护水生态系统,需要通过多学科交叉合作、全球数据共享、毒性预测等方法深入了解PFASs的环境行为、毒性效应、生物累积特征等,以支撑更多PFASs水质基准的科学制定。Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)are compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms in the carbon chain are partially or completely replaced by fluorine atoms.A large number of studies have shown that aquatic environments seriously contaminated by PFASs can cause developmental toxicity,neurotoxicity,reproductive toxicity,and endocrine disruption to aquatic organisms.At present,the United States,Australia,Canada,and the European Union,among other countries/organizations,have issued freshwater aquatic life criteria for two traditional PFASs:perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)and perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS).To gain an in-depth understanding of the research status and challenges of establishing PFAS freshwater aquatic life criteria,this study systematically summarized the criteria values of PFOA and PFOS in different countries/organizations and compared their differences in species selection,data sources,and criteria derivation methods.There are significant differences,ranging from 2 to 6 orders of magnitude,in criteria for PFOA and PFOS in different countries/organizations.This may be caused by the following reasons:(1)Different countries/organizations have selected different test species,covering different taxa.(2)The toxic effects of PFASs are diverse,but there are fewer standardized experimental designs,resulting in significant differences in the results of different studies,and different countries/organizations have different standards for whether to use certain experimental toxicity data.(3)There is a high degree of uncertainty in chronic toxicity data inferred from the acute to chronic ratio.(4)Different countries/organizations use different methods to derive PFAS criteria for freshwater aquatic organisms.Therefore,the formulation of PFAS criteria for freshwater aquatic organisms still faces many challenges,such as the single controlled substance,insufficient basic toxicity data,unclear bioaccumulation effects,complex effects of mixtures,and the selection of criteria derivation methods.To better protect aq

关 键 词：PFASs 水生生物 水质基准 毒性数据 推导方法 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]