电镀园区废水微塑料赋存特征及生态风险评估  

Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Microplastics in Electroplating Park Wastewater

作　　者：王艺霖 雷免涛 吴泽璇 刘丽红 李思阳 刘畅 WANG Yilin;LEI Miantao;WU Zexuan;LIU Lihong;LI Siyang;LIU Chang(South China Institute of Environmental Science,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Guangzhou 510655,China;Guangzhou Huake Environmental Protection Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510655,China;School of Petrochemical Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,广东广州510655 [2]广州华科环保工程有限公司,广东广州510655 [3]兰州理工大学石油化工学院,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第7期1604-1611,共8页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划项目(No.2020B1111380003);国家重点研发计划项目(No.2023YFB3408200)。

摘　　要：电镀废水多关注重金属和氰化物等剧毒物质,但对于近年来备受瞩目的微塑料(MPs)污染未受到足够重视。为研究电镀废水处理工艺过程中MPs赋存特征及其生态风险,以粤港澳大湾区某典型电镀工业园区为例,通过对其各类废水及废水处理厂主要处理工艺出水采样调查,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对MPs的丰度、成分和尺寸进行分析。结果表明:①电镀废水中电镀综合废水的MPs丰度[(1.22×10^(7)±3.87×10^(5))个/m^(3)]最高,其次为含镍电镀废水[(8.20×10^(6)±8.59×10^(4))个/m^(3)],废水中MPs主要成分均为聚丙烯(PP)。②废水处理厂MPs总去除率为99.72%,能完全去除尺寸在500μm以上或成分为三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)的MPs。主要处理工艺中,气浮对MPs去除率(95.59%)最高,其次为沉淀(83.33%);气浮能有效去除大部分密度较轻的聚合物,沉淀作用对高密度的MPs去除效果更好。电镀废水处理过程中MPs丰度与固体悬浮物(SS)浓度、色度和浊度均存在相关性,而与pH无关。③潜在生态风险评估结果表明,电镀综合废水和含镍电镀废水MPs污染的潜在生态风险极高,需要高度关注;现行电镀废水处理工艺可大幅降低MPs丰度及高危害性聚合物PE数量,显著降低潜在生态风险。研究显示,该电镀园区废水中MPs丰度显著高于生活污水,虽然废水处理工艺能有效降低MPs丰度和潜在生态风险,但相较生活污水,电镀废水中MPs更易负载重金属和毒害性污染物,建议加强对电镀行业MPs污染排放的监管。Most research on electroplating wastewater involves highly toxic substances such as metals and cyanides,but insufficient attention has been paid to microplastic pollution(MPs),which has attracted widespread attention in other fields in recent years.In order to study characteristics,removal efficiency,and ecological risks of MPs in electroplating wastewater treatment,a typical electroplating industrial park in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area was selected as the research area.Samples were taken from wastewater generated in various production processes and wastewater from sewage treatment plants,and the abundance,composition and size of MPs were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results showed that:(1)Among the four types of electroplating wastewater,the comprehensive electroplating wastewater had the highest content of MPs((1.22×10^(7)±3.87×10^(5))particles/m^(3)),followed by nickel plating wastewater((8.20×10^(6)±8.59×10^(4))particles/m^(3)).The main component of MPs in electroplating wastewater was polypropylene(PP).(2)In the wastewater treatment plant,MPs with dimension exceeding 500μm or composed of Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer(EPDM)and Polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)can be completely removed,with a total removal rate of 99.72%.Among the main wastewater treatment processes,air flotation had the highest removal rate of MPs(95.59%),followed by sedimentation(83.33%).Air flotation can effectively remove most lightweight polymers,while precipitation method is more effective in removing high-density MPs.The abundance of MPs in electroplating wastewater treatment was significantly correlated with suspended solids(SS),chromaticity and turbidity,but not with pH.(3)In addition,the potential ecological risk assessment results indicate that the potential ecological risks of MPs in comprehensive electroplating wastewater and nickel-containing electroplating wastewater are extremely high and require high attention.The current electroplating wastewater treatment process can effecti

关 键 词：电镀废水 微塑料 赋存特征 去除率 风险评估 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]