西南三个典型锑矿区锑砷赋存形态与污染特征  

Speciation and Environmental Pollution Characteristics in Three Typical Antimony Mining Areas of Southwest China

作　　者：赵清英 张泽民 谭昭 李文杰 李金花 关潇[1,3] ZHAO Qingying;ZHANG Zemin;TAN Zhao;LI Wenjie;LI Jinhua;GUAN Xiao(Institute of Ecology,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;College of Ecology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Ecological Processes and Functions Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院生态研究所,北京100012 [2]兰州大学生态学院,甘肃兰州730000 [3]中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第7期1612-1625,共14页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2020YFC1807704)。

摘　　要：锑(antimony,Sb)是一种“新兴”的全球性环境污染物。为评估长期暴露的矿区主体中Sb、As共污染程度和采矿活动相关的生态效应,通过原子荧光法和Wenzel连续提取法对西南3个典型锑矿区Sb、砷(arsenic,As)全量和赋存形态进行了系统分析,采用地累积指数法(I_(geo))、次生相与原生相比值(RSP)、沉积物污染指数(SPI)和潜在生态风险指数法(RI)进行污染状况和生态风险进行评价。结果表明:①Sb和As全量均超过《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB 36600−2018)中第二类管制值;Sb全量分布表现为采矿区>冶炼区>尾矿区>对照区,As全量分布表现为尾矿区>采矿区>冶炼区>对照区;Sb和As的CV值均大于90%,具有广泛变异性。②Sb和As化学形态总体表现为残渣态(F5)>无定型铁铝氧化物结合态(F3)>晶质铁铝氧化物结合态(F4)>专性吸附态(F2)>非专性吸附态(F1);Sb在采矿与尾矿区主要以F3形态赋存,冶炼区主要以F5形态赋存;As主要以F3形态赋存。③Spearman相关性和冗余分析(RDA)显示,pH、SOM(土壤有机质)含量、EC和E_(h)在不同程度上影响Sb、As及其化学形态的赋存。④线性回归分析表明,外源Sb、As全量的增加引起了可提取态Sb[Sb(F1+F2+F3+F4)]含量和可提取态As[As(F1+F2+F3+F4)]含量的增加。⑤锑矿区整体I_(geo)与RSP值均大于2,属于偏重至严重污染;各功能分区RI均大于80,其中采矿区和冶炼区RI平均值达到了极强生态风险,表明西南锑矿区Sb、As共污染现象严重,其中Sb的贡献率最大,应优先进行管控;SPI与RI评价结果一致,污染程度表现为采矿区>冶炼区>尾矿区>对照区。研究显示,西南锑矿区Sb的潜在生态风险不容忽视,治理过程中应充分考虑Sb的化学赋存特征并制定分类施策、分区管控、分级治理的管理模式。Antimony(Sb)is an emerging toxic metalloid.In order to evaluate the co-pollution degree of Sb and As and the ecological effects related to mining activities in mining bodies exposed for a long time,the total quantities and occurrence patterns of Sb and arsenic(As)in three typical antimony ore areas in Southwest China were systematically analyzed using atomic fluorescence method and Wenzel continuous extraction method.The results showed that:(1)The total amount of Sb and As exceeded the second type of control value in the Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Development Land(GB 36600-2018),the distribution of Sb were mining area>smelting area>tailing area>control area,and the distribution of As were tailing area>mining area>smelting area>control area,the CV values were all greater than 90%,with wide variability.(2)Chemical speciation of Sb and As were residual phases(F5)>amorphous and poorly-crystalline hydrous oxides of Fe and Al(F3)>well-crystallized hydrous oxides of Fe and Al(F4)>specifically adsorbed(F2)>non-specifically adsorbed(F1).(3)Spearman correlation and redundancy analysis indicated that pH,SOM,EC and Eh were significantly correlated with the geochemical speciation content of Sb and As(P<0.05).(4)Linear regression analysis showed that the increase of the total amount of exogenous Sb and As led to the increase of Sb(F1+F2+F3+F4)and As(F1+F2+F3+F4)content in the extractable state.(5)I_(geo) and RSP values of the antimony mining area are greater than 2,which belongs to heavy to serious pollution pollution level;RI of each functional area was greater than 80,and the average RI of the mining area and the smelting area reached extremely strong ecological risk,indicating that the co-pollution of Sb and As was serious in the southwest antimons mining area,and the contribution rate of Sb was the largest,which should be controlled preferentially;SPI showed that pollution degree of Sb and As were mining area>smelting area>tail mining area>control area.The study shows that th

关 键 词：锑矿区 Wenzel连续提取法 化学形态 锑砷共污染 潜在生态风险 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]