三峡库区水陆水面蒸发量差异特性及其原因探讨  

Analysis of pan evaporation characteristics over land and water surfaces in the Three Gorges Reservoir area

作　　者：程海云 冯宝飞 张俊 王乐 秦淑静[2] 王琨 王正华 CHENG Haiyun;FENG Baofei;ZHANG Jun;WANG Le;QIN Shujing;WANG Kun;WANG Zhenghua(Bureau of Hydrology,ChangJiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430010,China;State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Innovation Team for Flood and Drought Disaster Prevention of Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会水文局,湖北武汉430010 [2]武汉大学水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [3]长江水利委员会流域水模拟与预报调度智能技术创新中心,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《水科学进展》2024年第3期387-399,共13页Advances in Water Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFC3200301);国家自然科学基金资助项目(U2340213)。

摘　　要：三峡水库是中国最大的人工水资源调蓄中心,其库区蒸发深刻影响着地表生态水文过程,研究三峡库区漂浮水面蒸发和陆上水面蒸发变化差异及其原因,对于理解区域水文循环和气候变化具有重要意义。基于三峡库区巴东水面漂浮站和相邻陆面站的多年蒸发观测资料,分析库区水陆水面蒸发的季节差异;结合ERA5辐射资料,分析水陆水面蒸发能量平衡的各组分季节变化特征,探究水陆水面蒸发差异的主控因子。结果表明:(1)水陆水面蒸发存在显著的季节变化差异,其中陆面站水面蒸发峰值通常出现在8月,而漂浮站水面蒸发峰值通常出现在12月;(2)能量平衡分析表明,三峡库区水体在夏半年蓄热,在冬半年则释放热量显著增加表层水体可利用能量,进而增加潜热效能,导致漂浮站蒸发峰值出现的时间较陆面站平均滞后约4个月;(3)主控因素分析表明,水陆水面蒸发及热力性质差异受多种微气象因素非线性综合影响,其中在水体蓄热阶段(3—9月),主控因素为气温和饱和水汽压,在水体放热阶段(10月至翌年2月),主控因素为水温和水气温差。The Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR)is the largest artificial water resources regulation and storage center in China.Thereby the evaporation in the reservoir area has profound impact on the regional eco-hydrological process.Analysis on the differences of pan evaporation characteristics between water surface and land surface is of great importance for understanding regional hydrological circulation and climate change.This work applied observations from both floating site and land site in Badong hydrometeorological station and the radiation data from ERA5 dataset,found the difference of seasonality characteristic of pan evaporation and energy budget between water surface and land surface,and preliminarily analyzed the reasons on the differences.The main results are as follows:①Significant difference of seasonal pan evaporation characteristics was detected between water surface and land surface,with high peak appeared in August over land surface while appeared in December over water surface;②The energy budget analysis indicating TGR area generally accumulated heat during summer season while released heat and significantly increased available energy in water during winter season,which resulted peak value appeared four months later in water site than that of the land site;③The controlling factors analysis indicated that the difference of evaporation and thermal characteristics was controlled by nonlinear comprehensive influences from multi micrometeorological factors,which was dominated by air temperature and saturated water pressure deficit during accumulating heat period(March to September),while by water temperature and temperature difference between air temperature and water temperature during releasing heat period(October to February of next year).

关 键 词：水面蒸发 水陆蒸发差异 微气象因素 季节变异 三峡水库 

分 类 号：P339[天文地球—水文科学]